To understand the skills necessary to achieve cooperative learning you first need to have a brief introduction to the subject of cooperative learning itself:
Brody (1998) Cooperative learning most commonly refers to a method of
instruction that organizes students to work in groups toward a common goal or outcome, or share a common problem or task in such a way that they can only succeed in completing the work through behavior that demonstrates interdependence while holding individual contributions and efforts accountable. (p. 6)
In order for effective cooperative learning to occur five essential elements are needed; positive interdependence, face-to-face interactions, individual accountability, social skills and group processing. (Johnson, 1999, p. 70-71). Social skills being the foundation to achieving all other elements required, without this set of skills the individual learner will find it difficult to cooperate with others. Thompson (1996) “social skills are paramount to applying cooperative learning to academic tasks” (p. 84).
Fostering the development of social skills requires and environment that is conducive to group learning. A location where the individual learner can find their own personal space, at the same time be connected to others in the group. This can take some creative thinking on behalf of the instructor or project leader. A reorganization of the space is sometimes necessary, taking into account environmental influences such as: lighting, sounds and temperature. When the individual learners distraction level is kept to a minimum they are able to have greater participation within the group.
Recognition is also a major force that motivates both the individual and the group to learn. Accord...
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...an Alternative High School. Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet? accno=ED359271
Gibbs, J. (2001). Tribes : A new way of learning and being together. Windsor, CA : CenterSource Systems.
Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Making cooperative learning work. Theory Into Practice, 38(2), 67-73. doi:10.1080/00405849909543834
Slavin, R. E. (1991). Synthesis of research on cooperative learning. Educational Leadership, 48(5), 71. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/224852031
Sparapani, E. F. (2007). Cooperative Learning Communication Skills. Retrieved from http://www6.svsu.edu/~efs/clcommunicationskills.htm
Thompson, K. L., & Taymans, J. M. (1996). Taking the chaos out of cooperative learning: The
three most important components. The Clearing House, 70(2), 81. doi: 10.1080/00098655.1996.9959403
This paper addresses the results of interviews, observations, and research of life in the Ottawa tribe, how they see themselves and others in society and in the tribe. I mainly focused on The Little River Band of Ottawa Indian tribe. I researched their languages, pecking order, and interviewed to discover the rituals, and traditions that they believe in. In this essay I revealed how they see themselves in society. How they see other people, how they see each other, what their values were, what a typical day was etc. I initially suspected that I would have got different responses from these questions but in reality the results in the questions were almost completely the same. I studied this topic because mostly all the people that are close to me are associated in the Ottawa tribe. I additionally love the Native American culture, I feel it is beautiful and has a free concept.
Selden, Ron. “Working Together, Unlimited Things Can Happen.” Tribal College Journal. Vol. 16 Issue 1, P18-19, Fall 2004
Print. The. “Five Civilized Tribes.” Infoplease. Pearson Education, 2012.
The space and area in which a child is learning must be accommodating to all of their needs. A responsive environment is a space of any size that is set up and presented in a manner that promotes social-emotional development, physical development, spiritual development, intellectual/cognitive and language/literacy skills. It is important that the class or room promotes a healthy learning environment which allows the children to be independent while still pushing their skills and abilities. Environments are able to shape and direct a child’s learning experience, “We now know that the environment is a valuable teacher if it is amiable, comfortable, pleasing, organized, clean, inviting and engaging…This is true of floor space, ceiling, and wall space” (Krentz, Emerita, & University of Regina, 2013, p.44).
There are components to collaborative learning that contribute to its success. Positive interdependence involves students understanding the importance of working as a team in order to meet objectives or create a product. (Salend, 2016, pg 356) Working as a team is an important life skill for students to have because it can apply to future education and careers that emphasize team work. Individual accountability is another component.
thereby cooperating to ensure their own learning and the learning of all others in their group (Johnson, Johnson,
Collaborative learning is a situation where two or more people attempt to learn something together. Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, (born in 1986), introduced his theory that, human development—child development as well as the development of all human kind—is the result of interactions between people and their social environments. What this states is that the development of a “higher education” is the product of comparing and contrasting ideas of others ultimately to conclude a solution to a problem as a whole or group. Everyone’s input in a collaborative situation will play a role in final solution.
Physical environment according to Catron & Allen, 2007 “what A well-arranged environment should enhance children’s development through learning and play. It facilitates classroom management and supports the implementation of curricular goals and objectives”. Based on the following statement, it is stated that learning environment is what the learner can develop throughout the learning. Physical environment is very important for the student development also for their achievement in learning the English language. Other than that, according to Clayton & Forton, 2001 “Students can become frustrated when they do not have an organized environment to call their own” . Based on this statement, it is strongly stated that student were also a human being that need an organized learning environment during their lesson to make them get involve and to make them learn faster. Meanwhile, according to Catron and Allen, 2007 “ the environment should be well organised, comfortable, and personable and offer a verity of manipulated for cognitive, social, emotion and physical development”. Based on this statement the physical environment for the student needs to be well organised to make the learning session go
our thought process, and how we contribute to the process of group work. This involves a
Research for cooperative learning structure has demonstrated that is can really enhance a student’s achievement, attitude towards learning, and the atmosphere where learning takes place. According to Akinbobola, “Cooperative learning is a mode of learning in which students work in small groups to achieve a purpose. Here there is an emphasis on the importance of group work, students in a group help each other in learning the content, but achievement is judged individually” (2009, p.2). The cooperative learning structure encourages students to work together toward a common goal but only by each individual reaching that goal can the group attain that common goal.
Cooperative learning in general and in particular in the EFL classroom has an important role. The aim behind cooperative learning may appear in three aspects as Academic learning, social-affective learning and personality development. In other words, for the first element learners acquire the content of the subject matter and develop meta-disciplinary competence. Also, they can learn to support each other, to working in heterogeneity in a group and one team with the perspective of others. This may lead to minimize fear, stress in a class and can increase the motivation so they are integrated into sociable context. In addition to the third one, learners in cooperative learning can be highly motivated and can also strengthen the confidence
choose an environment is most conducive for learning whether it be to study alone, or in a
Collaborative and cooperative learning promotes student learning through group-oriented activities. Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which student teams will work together to create a meaningful multimedia project. Cooperative learning, which will be the primary focus of this paper, is a specific kind of collaborative learning. In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. Cooperative groups will work face-to-face and will learn to work as a team. The multimedia project will allow all students to benefit from gaining a deeper knowledge of the multimedia matters through communication with their peers and building relationships among their peers of different ethnic, backgrounds, learning abilities and gender.
Collaborative instruction: having students work in small groups all engaged in a common task such as an activity or lab assignment, learning how to work together to meet a common goal (Oliveira et al., 2012).
Working in groups and having chances to discuss with each other about the lesson is the main characteristic of new schooling system. This teaching method emphasizes the importance of collaborating with each other and it helps students get more involved in cooperative learning.