Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Features of behaviour in conformity
Conformity as a socio-psychological phenomenon essay
Conforming to social norms
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Features of behaviour in conformity
As society grows, the laws stray further away from survival and make unimportant issues sensitive. This is due to the offspring and youth of a certain social order who were taught certain laws and customs at such a young age. They are faintly manipulated by a society and were born into an illusion of free will. There are certain stages of human development where one experience moral development in a said society. These stages consist of infantry to the early stages of adulthood and inject an idea and identity of their society and themselves. In the preconventional stage, children are taught what is right and wrong and if they wrong society they are often punished. This punishment motivates them to follow a certain society's morals, which creates …show more content…
Overall, the preconventional stage sets a platform or a foundation of a human’s personality by punishing and rewarding for what they think is wrong and right which induces obedience to a certain society. Eventually, children later reach their school age in which they are required to be social towards the community instead of just their parents. This age is commonly known as the school age and in Kohlberg's theory, the conventional stage. The conventional stage consists of a social submission to society in lieu of learning from guardians. In this stage, not only are they fueled by punishment but also rewards, their morals are charged with the essence of conformity. The conventional stage allows them to motivate themselves by looking at others and simply following to fit in with society. In this stage they strive to make others happy or proud they might also want to please anyone higher in authority in a said society. At this point their thought process consists of maintaining and creating friendships, trust, and loyalty. Like the preconventional stage, they are focused on rewards in a social …show more content…
Post-conventional morality: the next stage which occurs in adulthood is the reverence of laws even if they don't apply to their own altered morals. In a way, the adults form a wall around their moral views which makes it nearly impossible to change. Their sense of compassion, morality, and social responsibility is locked in, they permanently adhere to the laws of their society. They focus on the betterment of society. This stage gives the adult the responsibility to state their views and consider the flexibility of rules to make a society advanced. It also gives them the responsibility to pass ideals of a society to the next generation: creating a cycle that strengthens and reinforces a society. However, there is another stage where one disregards society's laws. Like the social contract stage, they question the laws of society and create their own morals. Either they want to be different or they want to change society's morals to a great extent (Kohlberg 1). This stage is called the universal ethical principle which proves that the sense of morality is universal and nothing is right or
For the childhood and elder age group, there are several stage theories that describe what life is generally like at these time periods. Two famous psychologists that contributed to theories about aging stages were Lawrence Kolhberg and Erik Erikson. Kohlberg was responsible for the development “ladder” of moral thinking throughout the ages (Myers 168). Children were expected to have a preconventional morality, meaning that they have a morality based on self-interest. Elders were expected to have a postconventional morality, which would mean having consideration for ethics and using reasoning and logic.
The purpose of this paper is to find evidence of Kohlberg 's and Piagets moral stages for adolecents. We are going to ask a teenager a series of different questions in an interview in order to find out where exactly they fit in Kohlberg’s and Piaget’s moral stages and if the fall in the one designated for teenagers, Postconventional and Autonomous morality respectivly. According to these theorist, adolescents are starting to form their own ideas of what is right and wrong and using their ideals to see what they would do in certain situations.
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development shows the different stages of morality as people change as they get older (McLeod). He had three levels which broke down his stages
I noticed in Piaget stages of moral development Kevin is in the autonomous morality stage. Kevin has realized the rules at school and standards can be negotiated and or changed because his parents can get the school to change the rules or policies for his benefit. On Kohlberg’s stage Kevin, his behaviors can be related to the conventional level stage 4. Broderick and Blewitt describes Kohlberg’s conventional morality as “what is right depends on other’s approval or on the need to maintain social order” (pg. 261). Kevin’s peers react to his negative behaviors is effecting his moral
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is three levels consisting of two stages in each. Kohlberg’s Theory explains how a human’s mind morally develops. Level one is typically common in younger children. The two stages in level one are pre-conventional stages. Stage one is obedience and punishment driven; one will judge an action by the consequences given. Stage two is out of self interest. Level two is mostly common in teenagers. The stages in this level
They are able of solving problems using reasoning and logic. They can organize facts and events in mature fashion and figure out possible moves and their outcomes. They can also deal with proportions and analogies and reflect on their own thinking. One of the major themes of development is moral development. The most influential research on development was done by Lawrence Kohlberg. It was influenced by Piaget’s cognitive developmental approach. Kohlberg divided Moral development into 6 stages. The first stage is called Preconventional level. During this stage individuals recognize labels of “good” and “bad”, right and wrong, but do not interpret these labels in terms of social standards. The next stage is called Conventional level. During this level individuals make moral judgments based on expectations, whether the expectations are coming from family or society. This level of morality is shown mainly by adolescents and adults. The next level is the post conventional level. During this stage individuals accept and stand by society’s rules and laws but tend to view them in terms of the underlying principles. Individuals may also follow personal ethical principles. This is where they take into account human rights or life and
For my self-assessment, I chose to discuss the Middle Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood life stages. The theories of human behavior that will be discussed are Erikson’s Psychosocial theory, Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. I chose these life stages because they are the stages where I have experienced many events that have shaped me into the person I am today. There are a number of factors that have played a role in my development over a period of time and I will discuss them throughout my paper.
Mistrust stage occurs at infancy and at this stage, Infants learn to trust others depending on the response of their caregivers who are usually parents. The Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt occurs between the ages of 18 months and three during which time children begin to emphasize their independence. This is done by exploring the world around them. Erikson, E. H. (1993). The Initiative vs. Guilt stage generally, occurs between the age three and five and at this time children assert themselves more frequently and are particularly lively. Industry versus inferiority stage occurs between the ages of five and twelve. As children grow in independence, they become increasingly aware of themselves as individuals. Erikson, E. H. (1993). The identity vs. role confusion stage, occurs during adolescence, between the ages of 12 and 18 years. At this stage the adolescents undergo an identity crisis during which they must establish an identity, goals, and a purpose. Erikson, E. H. (1994). The Intimacy vs. Isolation stage occurs in young adulthood ages 18 to 40 years. During this time the young adult begins to share themselves more intimately with others and explores significant relationships with others especially in marriage. The seventh stage is Generativity vs. Stagnation and occurs during middle adulthood, ages 40 to 65 yrs. This is the stage of development during which most people have children and provide guidance or a legacy to the next generation and in so doing
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
That would affect how children develop moral standards as well. An example of this would be, if a child knew that they were to get rewarded for things similar to potty-training or performing well in school, then they would try to do their best. The child will carry these lessons with them as they grow and mature. In this paper we will be discussing Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, giving insight into what other factors may affect the development of morality, and dissecting parenting, placing emphasis on parenting and its effects that it may have. These can also be changed by environmental factors as well, but both our genetic makeup and the environment we experience will influence our overall development, including our moral development (Srivastava et al., 2013).
What is moral development? In a nutshell, it’s the progression of morality throughout one’s lifetime by means of different stages. There are six of these stages, developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, that help to explain our moral choices and cognitive skills relative to our approximate age. Furthermore, as Kohlberg suggests, everyone reaches stages one through four: Punishment and Obedience, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange, Interpersonal Expectations and Conformity, and Law and order, respectively. Stage1 is characterized by the threat of punishment and the promise of reward. Stage 2 actions are
A person's ability to develop is due to two factors, maturation and learning. Although maturation, or the biological development of genes, is important, it is the learning - the process through which we develop through our experiences, which make us who we are (Shaffer, 8). In pre-modern times, a child was not treated like they are today. The child was dressed like and worked along side adults, in hope that they would become them, yet more modern times the child's need to play and be treated differently than adults has become recognized. Along with these notions of pre-modern children and their developmental skills came the ideas of original sin and innate purity. These philosophical ideas about children were the views that children were either born "good" or "bad" and that these were the basis for what would come of their life.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
The individuals in this stage enter society and acts according to social standards. Stage four is driven by authority and social order obedience. This individual in this stage knows it’s important to obey laws, and to maintain a functioning society. The last level is Post-Conventional. Stage five is driven by social contract.
The obedience and punishment orientation is the earliest stage of moral development and is also very common in young children; however, adults are also capable of expressing this stage of reasoning. In this stage, young children perceive rules to be fixed and absolute and that obeying them is a necessary means to avoid punishment (McLeod, S.A., 2013). The individualism and exchange orientation is the second stage of pre-conventional morality. At this stage, children take into account individual points of view and judge their actions based on how they serve individual needs (Cherry, K., 2014, October