Squash and stretch – As recounted in the book, ‘The Illusion of Life’ by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in 1997, squash and stretch is the most important animation principle by a good deal. This principle is based on the understanding that only the stiff objects retain their shapes and the objects, both organic and inorganic that are not stiff tend to change their shape and size as they are in motion, however, they retain their volume. During this research a very interesting and clear example of how squash and stretch works in real life was found which can be seen by accessing the following link http://media3.giphy.com/media/7lz6nPd56aHh6/giphy.gif . One can clearly see how the body of the cheetah stretches and squeezes as he takes the strides.
According to Walt Disney (1958), the volume of the object or character should remain the same when it squashes or stretches.
Exaggeration - “There was some confusion among the animators when Walt first asked for more realism then criticised the result because it was not exaggerated enough.” - Thomas and Johnston (1997)
The above characters are from the film ‘Cloudy with a chance of meatballs’, and both are reflecting the same emotion. However, the female character gives a semi – realistic expression whereas the male character gives an exaggerated expression. This shows the audience which is the finnier character out of the two. Character designs of both the 3D models blend well and are cartoony, the difference is in their animation styles and exaggeration plays a big role in this shot.
Even an inorganic object like a box, which does not have eyes, lips, and nose to show emotions, will only be able to convey its feelings through extreme exaggeration, this is obviously an exa...
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...body parts like hands and legs are connect at a hinge which results in the 'end' part of the joint acting as a pendulum resulting in an arc. - Wood, R. (N.D.).
An example of arc
Timing and Spacing – “The number of drawings used in any move determines the amount of time that action will take on the screen”-Thomas and Johnston (1997)
Timing has always enthralled artists and scientists and they have come up with different theories, perspective and conclusions about time and space. However, one thing remains true about timing is that we all are affected by it and cannot control it. Time does not work according to us; we have to work according to time. According to Einstein, timing and spacing are different features of the same thing and many other physicists have said that an object can move back and forth in space but nothing can move back in time.- Sito, T (2009).
If you have ever read Einstein's Dreams, you can appreciate my dilemma. If you have not yet had the opportunity to experience this wonderful novel by Alan Lightman, I guarantee that after you read it you will expand your perception of the nature of time and of human activity. The novel is enchanting. It is a fictional account of what one of the greatest scientific minds dreams as he begins to uncover his theory of relativity.
Spending time looking at art is a way of trying to get into an artists’ mind and understand what he is trying to tell you through his work. The feeling is rewarding in two distinctive ways; one notices the differences in the style of painting and the common features that dominate the art world. When comparing the two paintings, The Kneeling Woman by Fernand Leger and Two Women on a Wharf by Willem de Kooning, one can see the similarities and differences in the subjects of the paintings, the use of colors, and the layout
The standard Disney story from the mid 1930s to the beginning of the 1940s is one of the pursuit and somewhat linear progression towards realism. Many theorists used the term ‘hyperrealism’ to describe what appeared to be Disney’s “attempt to represent reality in a medium predicated on artificiality” during the Disney-Formalist period (Disney Formalism, Pallant, 40). Indeed, as the animation and technology employed by the company became more advanced, productions relied less on gag-based humor and metamorphosis and more on realistic animation to develop character and narrative. Many critics of this evolution viewed them as “a move away from animation’s main province, as well as a kind of non-artistry produced from simply duplicating live
What is time? Is time travel possible? When nothing is changing does time still exits ? Is that really true? Are you real? Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that is significant to us when questions and other clams bring curiosity about whether things are real or not.
Rigid body motion does not change the length of a vector joining the pair of points inside the body and has no concern with the strain analysis. When external forces are applied on an elastic body, the body undergoes deformation. Due to the elasticity of the body, there comes into play a force which resists the deformation. This force is called stress force. Clearly, the deformation of the body is accompanied by the stress force. In other words, stress and strain occur together in inelastic body. There are two types of elastic deformation: (i) Dilatation and (ii) Shear strain set up in the body in such a way that there is a change only in volume but no change in shape, is called dilatation. In the shear deformation, there is a change in the shape of the body without a change in its volume. Dilatations are further categorized into two kinds: compression, in which volume is reduced; and rarefaction, in which the volume is
John McTaggart in his essay “Time” presents a radical argument that claims time is unreal. While the argument is interesting and has attracted much attention for his arguments, I remain unconvinced of the argument he makes. This paper will lay out McTaggart’s argument that time in unreal, critically analyze why I believe McTaggart’s argument fails and present an alternative idea about time, utilizing aspects of McTaggart’s argument.
It rushes by before you notice; it sneaks up behind you without uttering a word. Past, present, future. Rahel once believed that whatever number she wrote on her toy watch would be true; “Rahel’s toy wristwatch had the time painted on it. Ten to two. One of her ambitions was to own a watch on which she could change the time whenever she wanted to (which according to her was what Time was meant for in the first place)” (37). Roy wrote The God of Small Things in a nonlinear fashion; time jumps around and goes from the perspective of Rahel as a 7-year-old to 20 years later in a matter of a sentence. Likewise, time changes form, there isn’t really a past, present, and future, it’s all within the life of the twins, it flows together as waves, as ripples, the same concept just in different appearances.
muscles contract at the base of the body the legs move. This motion causes a
Although I possessed the capacity of bestowing animation, yet to prepare a frame for the reception of it, with all its intricacies of fibres, muscles and veins, still remained a work of inconceivable difficulty… As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intention, to make the being of a gigantic stature; that is to say about eight feet in height, and proportionately large. (52)
At the core of Newtonian physics was the fact that space and time were absolute. Newton’s absolute space was the space of everyday experience with its three dimensions: east-west, north-south, and up-down. This space gives us our sense of length, breadth, and height; according to Newton. We all, regardless of our motion, will agree on the length, breadth, and height of an object, so long as we make sufficiently accurate measurements. Newton’s absolute time was the time that flows inexorably forward as we age. It is a time whose flow is experienced in common by all humanity.
The grasshopper jumps better relative to humans because grasshoppers has a longer angle of rotation when it bends to jump than a human would have while jumping. This hypothesis was supported by the data that we collected because the mean for angle rotation was 93 of humans and 147 for grasshoppers and was only time that it was greater.
The scientific definition of time is a measurement of progress that is relative to an individual’s perception of events (HowStuffWorks.com, 2010). A psychological study proves that these viewpoints are
The characters’ movement is an essential piece to produce a successful animated movie. The illusion of life is created through the technique in computer animation. The life in immortal toys and mortal human beings is created through the movement of each individual character. Buzz and Woody are from different generations and the movement of the two characters differs greatly. Woody has a springy, ragdoll movement while Buzz moves like a robot, rigid and angled. Through the use of computer technology the variety of simple toy movement and nuanced human motion gave the animation some perception of reality. The mortal humans were the toughest to animate because of their movement. For example, when you notice Andy, he has heavy, weighted movements while all the toys are effervescent and bouncy.
Exaggeration is one of the most important principle of animation, other than as told above about it's uses it also has a main characteristics, it has the capabality of exaggerating the other 10 principles of animation because on of the principle, solid drawing is excluded from this category. This makes the scene more appealing and makes the scene even more funny and attract audience towards the scene. Exaggeration is the principle which helps in emphazing motion and emotions.