The word oscilloscope is a word that combines from Latin and Greek language. The first part “oscillare” derives from the Latin words meaning to swing backwards and forwards. The second part comes from Classical Greek “skopein” means to observe, aim at, examine, from which developed the Latin ending “scopium”, which has been used to form names for instruments that enable the eye or ear to make observation.
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument that commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of electronic signals. This device draws a graph of signal voltage as a function of time. Oscilloscope usually have two-dimensional graph which electrical potential differences represent by Y-axis (vertical) and time represent by X-axis (horizontal). With positive values going upward and negative values going downward (Ask.com, 2014). In any oscilloscope, the horizontal sweep is measured in seconds per division (s/div), milliseconds per division (ms/div), microseconds per division (s/div), or nanoseconds per division (ns/div). The vertical deflection is measured in volts per division (V/div), millivolts per division (mV/div), or microvolts per division (µV/div).
The oldest form of oscilloscope, still used in some labs today, is known as the cathode-ray oscilloscope. It produces an image by the focused electron beam to travel in patterns across the face of cathode ray tube (CRT). More modern oscilloscopes electronically replicate the action of the CRT using a liquid crystal display (liquid crystal display) like the one that can be found on notebook computers screen.
Oscilloscope is acquainted as one of the most helpful instrument for testing circuits. It is able to show the signals at different points in the circuit. One way to inves...
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...show a decreasing value of 5V.
Last but not least, for Ritika,Preeti and Prem (2013), they are using Freeduino board and solder the component on that board. They are using compiler Arduino 1.0 for uploading the codes to the board, MAX 232 Line Driver, ATmega328 and other components. The reason for they are using Freeduino is that Freeduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software and Freeduino projects can be standalone or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Matlab, Processing, MaxMS ). The wave plot also can be in form of sine and square wave form.
However, same with Ruisantos, Ritika, Preeti and Prem oscilloscope project could not read negative voltage. Besides, they didn’t include the calculation of frequency, rise time and time period to be displayed on the PC.
Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectroscopy is a quantitative analysis technique that uses the absorption of light through a flame and gaseous chemicals. AA Spectroscopy can be used for a multitude of purposes, most notably finding the concentration of one or a few elements in a compound. AA Spectroscopy can work in two different ways using an open flame and gaseous chemicals or a graphite furnace. Flame AA Spectroscopy works by taking a compound or element and disassociating it into an aqueous solution. The solution is then blown through an incredibly small nozzle which nebulizes the liquid into a very fine mist. The nebulized liquid is then blown through a flame with a very small beam of light passing through it. This light beam detects different elements in the flame and uses the known light absorbance of the element to determine the concentration of the element in the solution. The other form of AA Spectroscopy uses a graphite furnace to heat up and incinerate a sample. A solid compound is placed in the furnace which then heats up to 2000-3000 C effectively atomizing the compound and in the process turning the rest into ash. The light beam is then shot through the furnace as the solid is being heated and subsequently atomized and the machine records the absorbance rate much like the Flame AA Spectroscopy would. The difference between flame and furnace spectroscopy is in the atomization of the sample; because the Flame Spectroscopy uses pressure to atomize the compound, much of the compound is lost when sprayed
My interest into becoming an optometrist had begun when I was in high school; it happened in an unconventional way. It was not through watching videos, or someone explaining to me what optometry was, but rather, seeing the power of it firsthand. There was a point in my life where I felt emotions that I was unable to comprehend at the time. Seeing a family member on an operating table was the most petrifying moment that I have gone through, especially when the person on the table was my father. My father had to get a chalazion removed from his right eyelid. The doctor told my family that my father would be susceptible to certain health risks because of his diabetes and the severity of his cyst. This procedure was the hardest thing I have had to deal with in my life because it made me feel helpless. Usually, when my dad needs help he always asks me, but this time I could not do anything. It is interesting to think that something so small had such a big affect on my life.
From these painting we jump to 1838 with stereoscope and then the view master in 1839. The stereoscope is a device that showed two side by side images or photos that gave the person using the steroscope a sense of immersion. The stereoscope was created by Charles Wheatstone, but then one year later William Gruber approved upon the idea of
Ultrasound Technicians are very valuable in the world of health care. Also known as Diagnostic Medical Sonographer, an Ultrasound Technician uses special machines and equipment that operates on sound waves to determine or diagnose medical problems for patients. There are specializations within this field in which some individuals explore. For instance, areas of specialization includes but not limited to; pregnancy, heart health, gynecology, and abdominal sonography. Although each specializing branch has its own distinctive function, they all involve probing the body to facilitate doctors with diagnoses.
The movie camera was developed during the height of his career; sometime referred to as the Kinetoscope, an early motion picture device from the Greek word Kinesis, (CITE). In 1888, Thomas Edison began working on the Kinetoscope. Using the income from his technological inventions, Thomas Edison built the largest and most advanced laboratory at the time in West Orange, New Jersey. Edison and his staff of scientists and skilled craftsmen began working on the Kinetoscope. During the production of the Kinetoscope, Edison attended a lecture in Orange, New Jersey with photographer Edward Muybridge to discuss stop action photographs of animals in motion. Edison later invited Mr. Muybridge to his laboratory where Thomas Edison learned how to create the illusion of still life photos into
The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the guidance and encouragement of Mr. Billy Chow, the Project supervisor who inputs further stimulated my interest to look more into issues related to simulation of circuit and nurture me with ideas to improve the design and testing process. In the successful indicates the correct direction of this project.
It is quite obvious of how to measure linearly polarized components of the wave. But as was already mentioned, polarized light can be decomposed into superposition of two circularly polarized components of opposite handedness: circularly right- and left-polarized. How can we measure this two components? While Ex, Ey are components in the standard Cartesian basis (x y), Ea and Eb are components in Cartesian basis rotated by 45° (a b), the Er and El are components in the circular basis defined so that
Ultrasound is a key modality in the diagnosis of many tumours arising in soft tissues in the medical discipline of oncology. The following pages will outline some of the key features of malignancies and how they relate to ultrasound and diagnosis of cancer. Included also is a specific examination of ultrasound in the case of an adrenocortical carcinoma, pictured below.
An oscilloscope is an electronic measuring instrument that creates a visible two-dimensional graph, on a screen, of one or more continuously varying voltages or currents. To read a signal in an oscilloscope the following steps are taken: voltage measurements, time and frequency measurements, pulse and rise measurements and phase shifts
Microscopy allows one to view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the human eye. With all the modern techniques used in the biology field today, microscopy is one of the most important one that allows us to see a world beyond what our eyes limits us too. The majority of both organisms that are helpful and harmful are too small to be seen with the human eye, and without the microscope we would have not understood the mechanism behind the major diseases we know today. Microscopy has helped scientists produce antibiotics and antiviral drugs to treat the diseases that once were in a world beyond our vision. There are three types of microscopy mainly used: optical (light), electron, and scanning probe microscopy.
...inty between 1.0% (0.1/10.00*100) and 2.13% in the measured volume and 0.1/4.70*100). We also used a digital thermometer that allowed us to read the temperature readings from five degrees celcius to eighty degrees celcius. Since the digital thermometer have an absolute accuracy of plus or minus one degree celcius, it gives a percent uncertainty between 0.125 % (0.1 / 5.00 * 100) and 0.2 % (0.1/ 80.0 * 100). One of the difficulties we faced during the lab is reading the inverted graduated cylinder. To account for the inverse meniscus, we subtracted 0.2 mL from all the volumetric measurements to account for that. Volumetric uncertainty is the most important in determining the accuracy of this experiment since we are constantly checking for the volume throughout the lab. It also is the factor that gives the highest percent uncertainty out of all the instruments used.
Spectroscopy basically involves the study of the interaction of radiated energy with matter. These different radiations could be used to study chemical and physical material properties of different atoms. Colors of light differ in wavelength and energies and when they interact with matter, the light is either scattered, reflected, transmitted, absorbed, reflected or fluorescence. The interaction makes vibrational, electronic or nuclear changes in energy levels. This difference between energy levels includes a range of electromagnetic spectrum. Types of electromagnetic radiation include gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves and radio wave. Energies, wavelengths, frequencies, or wave number can be used to describe the radiations.
At the same time, according to these entered data, input – output variations can be observed via Surface Viwer. Here, there is possibility to compare relationship between two inputs and outputs in three dimensional graphs. Surface viewer is not the place to make arrangement. Only the results are observed in this part. The changes between first and fourth inputs and outputs were observed in the picture below.
Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon "triangle" + metron "measure"[1]) is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the relationships between the lengths of their sides and the angles between those sides. Trigonometry defines the trigonometric functions, which describe those relationships and have applicability to cyclicalphenomena, such as waves. The field evolved during the third century BC as a branch of geometry used extensively for astronomical studies.[2] It is also the foundation of the practical art of surveying.
Spectroscopy is measured using a spectrophotometer. A beam of light is first pointed towards the spectrophotometer. The beam of light then strikes a part of the spectrophotometer called the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating works similar to the prism shown above. It separates the light into its component wavelengths by rotating so that only a specific wavelength will reach a part of the spectrophotometer called the exit slit. On the other end of the exit slit there is a sample located in a test tube as well as a detector. After the wavelength passes through the sample, the detector measures the transmittance and absorption of the sample. The transmittance is the amount of light that was able to pass through the sample and reach the detector, and the absorption is the amount of light that was absorbed by the sample. The detector converts the measure of transmittance into s digital display, such as a graph.