hip and shoulder goniometry
The tension and arrangement of the muscles around the hip and shoulder gives the stability needed to hold the bones together and provide the flexibility that allows movement to occur. The hip has a deep socket with strong surrounding ligaments and muscles, while the shoulder has shallow sockets with fewer ligaments and weaker muscles.
If the muscles and ligaments are weak from misuse, the stability of the joint is reduced thus effecting their ability to function adequately. Range of motion (ROM) is related to joint stability, often determined by the laxity of the surrounding ligaments and muscles. “The arrangement and relative laxity and or extensibility of tendons, ligaments and muscles are some of the factors of ROM.” (Susan J. Hall) One of the instruments to measure ROM is the goniometer. Goniometer is used to determine the joint position relative to a set point and the total amount of motion available at a joint.
The measurements are obtained by placing the goniometer along the proximal and distal bones adjacent to the joint being measured. The following study is comparing the hip and shoulder of both genders.
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All the subjects were paired up with a partner and did the measurements themselves during their allotted lab times. The following were the joints angles that were measured using the goniometer: shoulder abduction, shoulder hyperextension, shoulder flexion, shoulder lateral rotation, shoulder medial rotation, hip abduction, hip hyperextension, hip flexion, hip lateral rotation, hip medial rotation. In the measurements that was recorded, human error and past injuries would influence the data. This is why .002 (alpha number) is going to be calculated in with the data. Dependent t-test, independent t-test, mean and standard deviation are the following statistical analysis that is used in the following
Also adding to the joints stability are the two major pairs of ligaments: the cruciates and the collaterals. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments have a stabilizing effect in a lateral plane of motion, helping to prevent sideward displacement and over-rotation. The medial collateral attaches the femur to the tibia, also attaching to the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral attaches the femur to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs, allowing medial and lateral rotation to take place.
The musculoskeletal system offers support and stability for your body so we can properly function and move around. Different types of muscle within the muscular system include cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. The reason our bodies are capable of producing movement is because of the way our muscles contract. Our adult skeletal structure is made up of 206 bones that all differ in shapes and sizes. The composing parts that make up the system include the bones, joints, and muscles that all connect so we’re capable of moving. These components allow for our bodies to maintain a stable structure that can keep us upright. The axial skeleton refers to the skull, the vertebral column which supports the spinal cord, ribs, and sternum. It offers protections
What amendment to the United States constitution is considered to be illegally ratified? What amendment both grants the right to vote to men and then takes away that right to vote? If you answered the fourteenth amendment to both questions you would be right. Although most people think of the fourteenth amendment as being a "civil rights" amendment, it also defines citizenship, voting rights, and states congressional representatives and electors numbers. In this paper I will talk about how the passage of the fourteenth amendment was a relevant event in history, how it impacts our country today, how it is viewed as the civil rights amendment in our textbook, how it has both positive and negative elements to it, and how I would have handled it.
This study was conducted to determine the validity of the mobility subscale of the Braden scale. The subscale of mobility is defined as the patients ability to change and control body positions. The research was conducted in a veteran hospital, and participants ranged in age from 45-95 years. The tools that were used were the Braden scale and actigraphy which measures movement. It was placed on the patient’s non-dominant ankle in order to observe the larger movements of the patient. The researcher defined each score in relation to movement. They hypothesized that the increase in movement would cause an increase in score of the mobility subscale. As predicted, the mobility subscale scores increased as movement increased.
- Increase the flexibility in your shoulders and enjoy more freedom to do what you want to do.
The aims of the 14th Amendment can only be understood within the political and ideological context of 1866: the break with the President, the need to find a measure upon which all Republicans could unite, and the growing consensus within the party around the need for strong federal action to protect the freedmen’s rights, short of the
... and inequalities, faced by both immigrants and American-born individuals, has never been successful. Met with strong opposition from its ratification, the 14th Amendment never stood a chance at being fully realized. Disparity and discrimination are still common. Due process has been denied because citizens may be of a certain race or religion. Punishments and wages are nowhere near equal. A brief scan through current civil rights news articles reveals many more examples of other, similar injustices. Apportionment of representation is skewed, due, in large part, to a flawed census system. Congress was granted the specific power to right these violations; however, their track record shows quite a bit of dormancy. While a wonderful concept, intended to protect all American citizens, the 14th Amendment has not been nearly as successful as its creators would have hoped.
My patient was a twenty-two year old female and she suffers from bunions on both of her feet. Only the left foot was treated, because the severity level was higher. After her diagnosis, she was taken to surgery and had the first metatarsal operated on. Type of surgery that was performed is called a bunionectomy. This surgery requires a small piece of bone to be removed and repositioned by a piece of hardware (UPMC, 2014). My patient had a screw inserted from the lateral border of her first metatarsal. After the surgery, she came to x-ray to get post operation images. The order called for a left foot series, which includes the anterior posterior (AP), oblique, and lateral views. After the surgery she had a cast on, which meant techniques were increased on each view accordingly. The AP view was done with the tube angled about ten degrees cephalic with a technique set at 65 kVp and 3.2 mAs. Next the oblique was done by rolling her foot medially about thirty degrees with no angle on and using the same technique as the AP. After she was placed in a lateral position and increasing the mAs to 4.
There is moving joints where it allows a person to either bend or twist. However, some of the joints allow us to move in freely motion while others only allow little movement at all. There are two kinds of joints. One of the joints is called hinge joint which tolerates movements back and forth in the single direction or it connects the upper part of the body, humerus, ulna, and the lower part. A ball and socket joint is also another joint that allows for a lot of movement in all directions possible like a ball in a socket (Marieb 259). Shoulders and hips are the example of the ball and socket joint. The muscles are connected to bones by tendons, bones are connected to each other by other bones itself. Also, the bones are held together at the joint by ligaments. The ligament is like a band of tissue or the white part of the muscle. Between the joints of a bone, rubbery tissue can be found and called cartilage. Cartilage is like the cushion for the bone in which acts as a shock
This skill involves jumping in the sagittal plane about the transverse axis. It consists of hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints. In the preparation phase in propulsion, the subject has flexed knees and hips which will need to be straightened by the strength of their corresponding joints such as the hinge joint at the knee joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that bears the body weight and allows for jumping motion. During th...
Many factors can influence the results of testing this hypothesis. All variables have been controlled except for the variable gender. Both the male and female subjects are close in age (< two years difference), both are nonsmokers, both possess small body builds for their respective gender, and both have no debilitating medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart condition). Controlling these factors allowed for the testing of the hypothesis, which is focused strictly on gender.
Happiness is not easy to define. A good life has one characteristic – happiness. Happiness can be defined as pleasure, joy, contentment and satisfaction. Understandings of how to be happy were changing throughout the history. Aristotle who lived in 4th century BC in Athens and Schopenhauer who is19th century philosopher from Germany have contrasting understanding of happiness. In this essay I will argue that Aristotle and Schopenhauer provide accounts of happiness that are useful to contemporary society. The reason for this is that happiness is universal and people’s ways to achieve it did not changed tremendously over times.
This concept is taken from Block 4, Module 11 which is entitled as ‘Assessment of musculoskeletal system’.
"Yoga Anatomy - Hip Adductors." VancouverYoga.com - Where the Internet Meets the Innernet. Web. 01 Apr. 2011. .
Aristotle argues that being happy is also being good. Once you have achieved happiness that is the end, and because it is something final it should be where all actions aim. Aristotle says that this is a truism, meaning that of course we should always aim to be happy because it is supreme good. The idea behind this links back to virtue and why being virtuous leads to happiness. Each individual has different abilities and skills which will lead to their own specific type of happiness. Happiness does not come in the same form for everybody, but ultimately when one is excellent at what they do, they will achieve happiness. In this paper, I will explain why the virtuous life is the equivalent of the happy life.