Biological Background
A stem cell is a cell that does not have a specific job, function or structure and are known as undifferentiated cells which have the potential of becoming many different cell types within the human body. Embryonic stem cells are taken from embryos and are known as pluripotent because they can become all cell types of the body. After development, adult stem cells are found to multiply by cell division to replace dying cells and restore damaged tissues. They are known to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their own original tissue origin. Embryonic stem cells are taken from three main sources in a human including from cell lines that already exist, spare embryos left over from fertility treatment and from custom made embryos. Adult stem cells can be found in organs and tissues like brain tissue, bone marrow, blood vessels, gut, liver and more. Scientists are now trying to discover how some tissues and organs contain a small number of adult stem cells and how these stem cells help to maintain the tissues and organs.
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Next the tissue is cut into small pieces to separate the muscle fibres and cells. When looking at it on a closer scale you can identify that the muscle tissue consists of fat and muscle cells which are separated to produce cultured beef. By dissecting the muscle cells, individual cells can be then removed and cultured. As the cells start to divide one muscle cell divides to become over one trillion muscle cells that can be grown. Naturally these cells will merge and then are place in a ring around a central hub of gel. The muscles start to contract causing them to put on bulk which then grows into a small piece of muscle tissue. From one small piece of tissue this technique can then produce over a trillion strands and when they are layered together, we get
The protocol and conceptual overview of these procedures can be found under the header, “Properties of Skeletal Muscle” in NPB 101L Physiology Lab Manual Second Edition (Bautista & Korber, 2009, 9-17). The test subject for this lab was the Northern Leopard frog whose spinal cord and brain were severed. In order to carry out the experiments, the materials needed were one medium length surgical scissor, two hemostats and glass dissecting probes, a nine and four inch string, a cup of Ringers saline solution with an eyedropper, and a hook electrode. The software used to analyze and record the data was the BIOPAC system.
Stem cells are the building blocks of the human body. Embryos consist of unspecialized stem cells that transform into the various specialized cells in the body such as cardiac, muscle or bone cells. Fetuses also have stem cells. However, the stem cells are divided into types like muscle, bone or nerves and don't perform a specialized function. Surprisingly, adult bodies also contain stem cells. In adults, stem cells are undifferentiated but limited to specific tissue type. When needed, the stem cells transform into the cells needed for repair and maintenance. The most common source of adult stem cells is bone marrow. Researchers also acquire stem cells from umbilical cords. Without stem cells, embryos could not develop into fetuses and adult
... flesh are then ground into a paste-like matter, which is cleansed with the previously mentioned ammonia to rid it of E. coli. The meat filler product is purchased by many fast food restaurants, such as McDonald’s. The Beef Products executive predicts that his product will be in 100% of hamburgers within the next five years.
The experimenters noticed the mink was a male. The dissection began with an posterior I-Cut stemming from the shoulders, down the abdomen to the hips. A scalpel was used lightly to open the abdominal skin, however not cutting too deep to where the abdominal wall was opened. The skin was stiff near the abdominal area, thin on the arms, and thicker around the legs. After the skin was peeled back with forceps and scalpel, the muscle was exposed. The experimenters located ten muscles by using a probe to make the certain muscle located more visible. The first muscle found was the sternomastoid located in the center of the neck, following was the biceps brachii which was located in the shoulders, the pectoralis muscle was located in the mid-chest area, the sartorius was located in the top thigh area in the middle from hip region to the knee, the tibialis anterior was located right on the tibia bone. Next muscle was the triceps brachii, which was three muscles, located in the upper arm area. The masseter muscle was located on the head in between the ear canal and the jaw, the rectus abdominis was located posterior abdominal area, the gastrocnemius was located on the calf of the legs, and the last muscle located was the rectus femoris was on the upper thigh region on the femur
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles play a vital role in the everyday processes that allow the human body to function. Without these muscles, everyday tasks and functions could not be conducted. Injury to these muscles could cause serious problems, however, these muscles have the ability to regenerate, repair, and fix multiple problems all by themselves. Repair and regeneration of a muscle are two similar, yet different things. Repair restores muscle continuity so that it can continue to function in the same way as before injury, but does not completely restore the pre-injury structure like regeneration (Huijbregts, 2001). Muscle repair and regeneration take place after an injury, after surgery, after atrophy, and even after working out.
(Taylor 56). To separate the meat form the skin of the animal they had this small tool called the
Stem cells help us to maintain and heal our bodies, as they are undifferentiated cells, their roles are not yet determined. They have the ability to become anything during early life and growth. Stem cells come from two sources, namely: embryonic stem cells (embryo’s formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development) and adult stem cells (see figure 3).
Adult stem cells exist throughout the body after development , and they are found inside of different types of
In Andras Forgacs, “Leather and meat without killing animals” he explains an innovative way to biofabricate leather and meat products. Biofabrication is a process in which cells can be used to create biological materials like organs and tissues.
What if there was a cure for cancer or a treatment for spinal injuries? Would you support the research? What if there was a way that you could repair damaged nerves. Some believe that stem cells may hold the answers to some of these questions. What are stem cells and why should you or I even care about them? Some believe that they are a miracle treatment waiting to happen while others believe that stem cells are highly immoral. Why does so much controversy surround the issue? Why is the conversation of stem cells feared by some and praised by others? To some stem cells are the medical hopes for the future, something for us to hang on to as we do battle with major diseases that include cancer, Parkston’s disease and spinal injuries. To others stem cell researchers are murderers who are trying to play God’s hand. A many have pledged their support to stem cell research including a few well known celebrities. Reeves’, who was best known for his role in the early Superman movies, and J. Fox two well-known celebrities, have pledged to stem cell research, both have created a private fund for the research of stem cells. This celebrity however has not swayed everyone to support stem cell researches cause. Just as there are supporters of stem cells there are those who believe that the use of stem cells is immoral. Since the first stem cells were separated there have been doctors, religious groups and even some political figure head have shown their opposition for stem cell research. Even with the knowledge and promise that stem cells show many of those who truly oppose stem cells have not changed their mind. The question is are their reasons good enough to halt the research of stem cell or are they just holding back what will soon be inevi...
Why do you eat a burger? The flavor? Lab Meat is meat made from a cell in a cow. It is suppose to completely better than the traditional way of growing of cows. Traditional way is actually better than lab-produced meat. Traditional way is better for you health. The traditional way is also cheaper than lab meat. The traditional way has more variety along with it is better for the environment. So let's see how the traditional way is better in detail.
A stem cell is a special type of ‘starter’ cell that can grow into any kind of adult tissue. It is basically a ‘blank’ cell that can adapt and become a differentiate cell type like a nerve cell, a bone cell, or a skin cell. They are a foundation for every cell, tissue and organ in your body.
On April 28, 2011 - the United States Appeals Court overturned the rule of a federal judge because of several issues that emerged with stem cell research being funded by the government. Although, the science of human embryonic stem cell is in its initial stages - there is much hope for scientific advancement due to the ability for human embryonic stem cells to grow into virtually various kinds of cells Favorably, advocates for stem cell research and pharmaceutical companies strongly believe that stem cells may pave a way to discover new methods of treatment for devastating ailments; such as, Leukemia, Alzheimer’s disease, Heart disease, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes- a prospect that is inspiring to both scientists and those who are seeking cures for themselves and family members. In contrast, numerous pro-life advocates are against federal funding for stem cell research because of the method in which these stem cells are extracted. In addition, several other groups argue that the federal government has abandoned more substantial as well as promising and less controversial adult and cord stem cell research. Instead, the government has dedicated a majority of their funding in favor of the more popular and controversial stem research. Ultimately, as long as humans exist - the need for a more extensive and technological progress will be abundant and crucial to humanity's survival. However, does the needs of the human species outweigh the potential lives embryos represent? With so much on the line, let us explore exactly what human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research is and what may be potentially weighing in the balance for the human race if we proceed down this road.
Stem cells come from adult stem cells, and embryonic cells. Embryonic (blastocyst) stem cells come from embryos that are usually three to five days old. They contain 150 cells that are useable for stem cell research. These embryos are usually created as in vitro fertilization (a bunch of eggs that are fertilized but only one is put inside of a woman). Reproduction happens when a male’s sperm is fertilized in a woman’s egg to create a zygote (cell). Scientists can verify the cells are embryonic by them being able to be duplicated and the cells ability to become other cell types; this makes embryonic cells flexible. Adult stem cells are found in adult tissues in very small numbers. These cells are only used in certain areas where they are found such as bone marrow or adipose tissue (fat).
Meat consumption all over the world is increasing, making meat a global issue. As a result, many researchers have been trying to create meat substitutes to minimize the impact of consumption. Substitutes, to date, have been made from soybeans, peas, or even from animal tissues grown in a culture. What exactly is this “meat” grown in a culture? It’s called in vitro meat or “shmeat”....