A load is the force attributed to gravity and other sources of stress that are placed on a structure (Brannigan & Corbett, 2015). Loads can be placed in too many different categorized such as dead loads, live loads, impact loads, static and repeated loads, wind loads, and concentrated loads. Dead loads are the weight of the building and the items that are permanently attached or built into the building. In buildings of the past dead load was piled into the building without thought of any consequence. However, designers now consider every once that is placed into the building. Dead load is often increased during the alteration of a building (Brannigan & Corbett, 2015). Dead loads can greatly affect the strategy and tactics of a department. As the building is damaged by fire, an increased dead load can increase the risk for collapse causing an increase risk for injury and death of personnel operating at the scene. …show more content…
These type of loads should always be consider when determining fire department operations. Live loads must be estimated based on the use of the buildings as well as conditions such as rain and snow. The live load of a building will also be increased due to fire department operations. In some case, the added load due to fire department operations has lead to building collapse (Brannigan & Corbett, 2015). Impact loads are loads that are delivered in a short period of time (Brannigan & Corbett, 2015). Sudden shifts in live loads, explosions, vehicles or other objects striking a building, emergency personnel jumping onto a building, and even fire are impact loads. Departments should take this type of load into consideration when operating in a building that is already being damaged by a fire. Static loads are loads that are applied slowly but remain constant, while repeated loads are those that are applied intermittently (Brannigan & Corbett,
Primary impacts are the result of the ground shaking causing buildings to collaspe. This than results in the secondary impacts which are usually tsunamis, fires, landslides and other catastrophic events. Tsunamis, a huge wave of water, are one of the worse things human life can face after an earthquake as they are known to destroy absolutely everything in there path. Landslides, another huge destruction, is often known to be worse than the earthquake itself. These can cause whole cities to be completely destroyed as in Alaska, Turnagain Heights. Fires also cause a huge path of destruction. Broken gas lines set gas free making one little spark cause an inferno. An example of this would be the great earthquake of 1906 in San Fransisco which caused 90% fire damage among everything
3.13 Static-load rating: The utmost load which will be applied to a stationary screw and nut assembly while not damaging it.
load.' This can create an image of maybe a bag that is weighed down by
Factors such as lost or damage of lives, property, financial districts, and necessary needs are considered in which determines the hazards that pose the most threat to specific location.
The application of force on an object causes an acceleration of that object. Yet, force is not the only factor in the movement, or acceleration of an object. The two main influences on the acceleration of an object are net force and mass. For example, net force is directly proportional to acceleration while mass is inversely proportional to acceleration. Other factors such as the friction, air or fluid resistance, and pressure effect the acceleration as well. All of these factors do not work against or in accordance with acceleration in the same way. Friction works in opposition to acceleration. Friction involves two objects that are in direct contact with on another but are moving in different directions. Involved with friction is air and fluid resistance. Fluid resistance, such as liquids or gases, focuses on when the object is moving in the opposite direction of a fluid flow or through a dense area of fluid. Air resistance involves movement through the air. The most noticeable effect of air resistance is when and object travels into a strong breeze or wind. And finally pressure, pressure refers to an applied force. With pressure you will find that the overall weight of and object doesn’t change no matter how you stand or lay it but you will feel more pressure from that same object depending on the force compared to the amount of surface area. The weight of the object
What is Stress actually? Hans Selye, the noted stress researcher, once said, “Stress is a scientific concept which has suffered from the mixed blessing of being too well known and too little understood. Physicians, psychologists, biologists, engineers, and students may each have a different meaning in mind when they talk about stress”. One useful definition of stress is that it is a demand made upon the adaptive capacities of the mind and body.
Lift is a commonly used term to describe "something" that results in objects moving upwards against the force caused by gravity. This "something" is actually a force in itself. Lift is one of the four main forces that act upon all objects that move through the air. These four forces are:
According to mechanical physics, a force is an effect that may cause a body to accelerate. Also as stated in Isaac Newton’s second law of motion, force is a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction) that is proportional to the product of the mass of a body and its acceleration.
The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely proportional to its mass. (F=ma)(Newman)
What is stress? Stress is state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Stress can from depression, work, and much more. One doctor says, “Stress is a silent disease.”
Force, commonly, a “push” or “pull,” more properly defined in physics as a quantity that changes the motion, size, or shape of a body. Force is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of a force is measured in units such as the pound, dyne, and Newton, depending upon the system of measurement being used. Unbalanced force acting on a body free to move will change the motion of the body. The quantity of motion of a body is measured by its momentum, the product of its mass and its velocity. According to Newton's second law of motion (see motion), the change in momentum is directly proportional to the applied force. Since mass is constant at ordinary velocities, the result of the force is a change in velocity, or an acceleration, which may be a change either in the speed or in the direction of the velocity.
In the damage estimation process, it was supposed that the main structures having key roles in the emergency and relief operation (e.g. hospitals, fire stations, etc.) had been retrofitted.
“A state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.” https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/stress
Johns Hopkins University. (2009, March). In disaster-prone areas, construction needs a new approach. Retrieved from http://phys.org/news157051992.html
Stress is a very common problem being faced by individuals today. It is described as an internal state which can be caused by physical demands of body or by social situations in which individuals are in. Stress can be thought of in negative terms, but it can be described as positive and negative stress.