Cultural Differences Of Geert Hofstede: Understanding Cultural Values

4.2 UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL VALUES
Secondly , it is important to understand the difference in cultural values. According to Geert Hofstede, there is no such thing as a universal management method. Management interacts with other dynamics of society including politics, family, religion, beliefs etc.
The cultural dimension model of Geert Hofstede describes five dimensions of value perspectives between national cultures: Power Distance, Individualism vs Collectivism, Masculinity vs Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long term vs short term orientation. For example, Power Distance is the degree of inequality among people which the population of that country considers as normal. Similarly, Uncertainty Avoidance refers to the degree to which people

As data by reference to Hofstede,1991 , comparing Western countries with India on the basis of Hofstede model some tentative conclusions can be made. First, Western countries seem to be generally lower (United States of America 40, Canada 39, United Kingdom 35, Germany 35, and France 68) than India (80) in power distance. Second, in terms of individualism, Western countries are generally much higher (United States of America 91, Canada 80, United Kingdom 89, Germany 67, and France 71) than India (20). Third, Western countries seem to have short-term orientation while India is considered to be long-term oriented. USA has higher value than India in masculinity, which indicates that USA is medium masculinity while India is medium femininity. Lastly, India has higher values for uncertainty avoidance than USA, which shows that Indians are relatively risk-avoiding while Americans are relatively risk-

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