virus that inflames the membranes in the lining of the nose and throat, colds can be the result of more than 200 different viruses [10].The antibiotics don't work against any infections caused by viruses [11]. They are a powerful medicines that fight bacterial infections [12]. Antibiotics were first used to treat serious infections in the 1940s. Since then, antibiotics have saved millions of lives and transformed modern medicine. During the last 70 years, however, bacteria have shown the ability to become
iratory Tract Infections. Western Journal of Medicine, 171, 3 Lindenmuth, G., Lindenmuth, E. (2000). The Efficacy of Echinacea Compound Herbal Tea Preparation on the Severity and Duration of Upper Respiratory and Flu Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-controlled Study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,6, 327-334 Melchart, D., Walther, E., Linde, K., Brandmaier, R., Lersch, C. (1998). Echinacea Root Extracts for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections:
consisting of one genome segment and a nonenveloped capsid. Unlike the its more lethal relatives, Rhinovirus is designed to attack a host numerous times during their lifetime. It is the perfect pathogen. It is estimated that adults suffer from 2 to 4 infections with the virus each year. The statistics below show the toll that the virus has on the United States Population: . There are nearly 62 million cases of the common cold annually in the US . 52.2 million of these cases affect Americans under
in the 1920's with his discovery of penicillin.When penicillin was first discovered and used widely, it was touted as a wonder drug, and consequently was used as one.Though not necessarily harmful to the patient penicillin was used for much more infections than it was able to combat.Today the same practice is observed in the medical profession, however at this point it is due more to the detriment of an uneducated public.Studies have been carried out that show the huge over usage of antibiotics.In
Rotavirus is an infectious virus that causes severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, vomiting, and fever. Rotavirus is one of the main causes of death in babies and almost all U.S. babies have had at least one bout with Rotavirus in their lives. There are more than 100 million people that are affected by Rotavirus worldwide and about 500,000 people who are affected in the U.S. Each year rotavirus kills a couple 100 thousand kids and in 2013 WHO estimated about 215,000 children younger than
acquired infection, especially in pediatric intensive care units, ranking as the second most common (Foglia, Meier, & Elward, 2007). It is defined as pneumonia that develops 48 hours or more after mechanical ventilation begins. A VAP is diagnosed when new or increase infiltrate shows on chest radiograph and two or more of the following, a fever of >38.3C, leukocytosis of >12x10 9 /mL, and purulent tracheobronchial secretions (Koenig & Truwit, 2006). VAP occurs when the lower respiratory tract that is
ACLS Guide to the Human Respiratory System The human respiratory system consists of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide gas. Oxygen in air enters through the upper respiratory tract, which begins with the nose and the mouth, and is carried into the pharynx, the trachea, and into the lungs, where the exchange of gases occurs. The Human Respiratory System Human life depends on the presence of food, water and oxygen in order to sustain the body’s various functions. Every
The respiratory system has six major areas that works together that allows the body to breathe, prevent choking, and not to allow harmful debris to enter the respiratory system are some of the functions that the respiratory system does. The respiratory system is divided into two regions, the upper and lower respiratory. The upper respiratory consists of the Nose (nasal) and Pharynx while the lower respiratory embodies the rest of the system which includes the Larynx, Trachea, Bronchioles and Lungs
Epidemiology: RSV plays a major role in respiratory infection among the childhood population, especially infants and younger children. It is the leading viral agent respiratory tract disease worldwide, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. There are about 100,000 cases and 4,500 deaths yearly of RSV infections in the United States (1). Typically, all children are infected with RSV by age 2 to 3; however, the infections can reemerge up to 5 to 6 per year. RSV was first
Sidani, & Zoorob, 2011) thus causing infection in the upper respiratory tract. Murray et al. describes it as the most common illness in children under the age of 6 to 36 months and cause for cough mostly when a child cries; acute stridor and hoarseness in febrile children (Murray et al., 2011). It can be a life-threatening situation in the life of the young infant and the family. Croup symptoms exhibit as hoarseness, barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and respiratory distress. I chose this diagnosis
following the an exacerbation of asthma. Discussed throughout is the pharmacological management of Zachy’s asthma including the pharmacodynamics of these prescribed medications and what affect these medications have on the pathophysiology within the respiratory tract. It is within the first 24 hours of Zachy’s admission prioritised care for the patient Zachy should be established. This ensures holistic management of Zachy’s presentation can be achieved and further deterioration is avoided. The first step
Pneumonia is an inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma, usually infections in origin. Pneumonia causes your lungs by filing extra mucus and become inflamed. Which could decrease the lungs ability then normal lungs to take in air (Eagan pg. 506). Pneumonia is separated in three different classes and they are Community acquired Pneumonia which is also known as (CAP), Nosocomial pneumonia or Healthcare associated pneumonia and hospital acquired pneumonia, which is also known as (HCAP) and ventilator
The Respiratory System Respiration- is the process of air exchange, oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is eliminated. The four parts of respiration include • Ventilation - movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli. • Diffusion- carbon dioxide and oxygen are transferred between alveoli and blood. • Regulation- respiratory muscles and nervous system. • Perfusion- blood flows though lungs. The Respiratory system consists of the Nose, Lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchi and bronchioles
The case study subject is P.L., a twenty- three year-old teacher that is being seen in a clinic for upper respiratory symptoms she has had for two weeks. The patients presents with mild fever, thick but clear mucous from her nose, malaise and swollen cervical lymph nodes. The patient reports her cough continues to increase, consistently becoming more forceful. P.L. reports she works in a school that has fifty-four students diagnosed with pertussis, five of those students are in her class. Risk
Whooping cough is a highly contagious and acute respiratory disease caused by an aerobic Gram negative encapsulated coco-bacillus bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. It is a strict human pathogen with no known animal or environmental reservoirs and an air-borne disease. On inhalation, Bordetella pertussis colonizes the ciliated cells of the bronchio-epithelium to cause disease characterised by; epithelial damage, hyper mucus secretion, pulmonary edema and paroxysmal coughing. It is often accompanied
Imagine you are out to lunch one day with your son and someone lights up a cigarette. All of a sudden you notice that your child is not breathing properly, he begins to wheeze, and tells you that he feels like he cannot breathe, and his chest feels tight. You and your son are rush to the nearest emergency, where the doctors discovers that your son has just had an asthma attack triggered by the cigarette smoke. Asthma is condition that affects the lungs. The airways of the lungs swell and the muscles
mind. This can be just one scenario to children who are stricken with a Respiratory syncytial viral infection. Definition and Epidemiology Respiratory Syncytial Virus or RSV is “a virus that causes infection in the respiratory tract” (“Diseases and Conditions, 2013”). Normal healthy infants and children can tolerate respiratory syncytial virus, however, many cannot, and need to be hospitalized to receive treatment. Respiratory syncytial virus is very common in young children, so common that most children
The specific diagnosis of a urinary tract infection (UTI) needs the isolation of merely one uropathogen from the urine culture. Urine sample should be performed before any antimicrobial therapy is initiated. The urine sample can be obtained in various methods. The simplest method is via a bagged specimen, which includes connecting a plastic bag to the perineum. • Urine Sampling There are four different procedures to collect urine sample with variable contamination rate and invasiveness in newborns
that is in the Enterobacteriaceae family (Tufts University, n.d.). Klebsiella is typically found in the nose or mouth, gastrointestinal tract (CDC, 2012). Klebsiella pneumonia was first discovered in 1882 as a pathogen that caused pneumonia (). Klebsiella can cause various types of health-related infections in the bloodstream, wound, and also surgical site infections (CDC, 2012). A common place to become infected with Klebsiella is the hospital settings, while being treated for other illnesses. Patients
by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen