Substitution reactions Essays

  • Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Lab Report

    1569 Words  | 4 Pages

    of Substitution Reactions with Alcoholic Compounds Adam Schroeder, Jessica Vecera, Brandon Guth Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IUPUI, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 Three different substitution reactions were completed using different alcoholic compounds. Substitution reactions can either be Sn1 or Sn2 depending on the reactive properties of the reactants and catalysts. The reactive properties are also dependent upon the shape and whether the substitution happens

  • Examination of Alkyl-Halide Formation as a Result of Substitution Reactions of Alcohol-Containing Organic Compounds

    2910 Words  | 6 Pages

    formed as a result of substitution reactions, and whether the reaction used an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. The structure of the starting alcohol determined the mechanistic pathway of the substitution reaction. Reaction 1 involved the substitution of a primary alcohol which produced one primary alkyl-halide via SN2 reaction. Reactions 2 and 3 began with a secondary alcohol, forming two products as the result of direct substitution and/or a hydride shift, via SN1 reaction. Reaction 2 formed two secondary

  • Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Lab Report

    968 Words  | 2 Pages

    means that it has a tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons. So at OH-, the alcohol would be more polar as the oxygen attracts the boiling point, the colour, solubility, etc. this is due to bonding. b) What happens in a nucleophilic substitution reaction is that the nucleophiles attack the carbons of a carbon-halogen bond. Once the nucleophile attacks the carbon, it takes over the carbons position, causing them to switch. This is caused by the electron pairs on the nucleophiles is attracted

  • Why does Benzene Undergo Only Electrophilic Substitution Reactions?

    1039 Words  | 3 Pages

    Why does Benzene undergo only electrophilic substitution reactions? This property can be attributed to the remarkable stability of Benzene, due to the 6 delocalised electrons forming a ᴨ cloud of electrons. Instead of the electrons forming three stationary C==C bonds, they form a delocalized ring which gives benzene greater stability, and this is seen in the enthalpy change when breaking the delocalized ring of electrons in benzene. Comparing the structures of benzene and 1, 3,

  • Synthesis Of Esomeprazole Magnesium

    677 Words  | 2 Pages

    hydroxymethylation in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to yield compound (4). This is then treated with acetic acid anhydride in a redox reaction to yield the ester derivative (5). Compound 5 is then treated with a base to form the corresponding alcohol (6). The hydroxyl group of compound 6 is then displaced in a substitution reaction with a chloride using thionyl chloride to give 2-chloromethy... ... middle of paper ... ...d 8 in Section I of the Synthesis Reaction The functional groups that where

  • History of Cryptology

    627 Words  | 2 Pages

    Cryptology played a crucial role during WWII and after cryptology really became a modern use of technology, but the real story is where cryptology actually had its beginnings. In order to truly understand cryptology and its purpose we must go back thousands of years ago to its first beginnings in Ancient Egypt and discover how cryptology rose to its infamous aid of the Second World War. Approximately four thousand years ago in Menet Khufu, a small village in Ancient Egyptian, the beginnings of an

  • Essay On Cipher

    859 Words  | 2 Pages

    You have probably used ciphers when you were young with friends and did not even realize. Keeping secrets from people that wanted to know the secrets you had. Ciphers have been around for thousands of years. To cipher something is to hide the specific meaning of messages, but not the message existence. The need to hide messages has been with us ever since we moved out of caves way back then. Most of the earliest forms of ciphers we have records of have been mostly recovered from Egypt, Greece and

  • Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Lab Report

    645 Words  | 2 Pages

    monohalogenated. In this experiment it is to be predicted in which order the reaction substitution(s) will occur and the reactivity order of each of the benzene compounds.  The product will then be analyzed and identified by recrystalling and comparing the melting point of isolated product to literature values. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is the introduction of a functional group to a benzene ring. In the reaction, a

  • Kinetics And The Interaction Rates Of Chemical Reaction

    1999 Words  | 4 Pages

    and study of the reaction rates of chemical reactions. These reaction rates involve the pace or rate at which a reaction progresses. Many specific conditions can affect the reaction rate value; furthermore, the factors include the concentration of the reactants, the polarity of the solvent, and temperature1. The rate of reaction can be determined and studied using a rate law, an equation that correlates the rate with concentrations and a rate constant. This experiment’s reaction involving t-butyl

  • Alkyl Halides Lab Report

    839 Words  | 2 Pages

    by another atom that is called “substitution”. When a nucleophile substitution occurs, this is an act of replacement of the leaving group [1]. When substitute happens nucleophile reacts, that is and electron pair donor, while the reaction releases this make electrophile as the receptor [2]. These alkyl halides will be prepare from alcohol while reacting with halides, this mechanism support the substitution of alcohols [3]. A “First order of Nucleophilic substitution” of SN1, a weak nucleophile, which

  • Nucleophile Prostitution Reactions

    1055 Words  | 3 Pages

    nucleophile substitution reaction of converting 1-butanol (an alcohol) to 1-bromobutane (an alkyl halide). There are two types of substitution mechanisms that could be used, SN1 and SN2. SN1 mechanisms take place in two steps. The first rate-determining step is the ionization of the molecule. This mechanism is called unimolecular because its rate is only dependent on the concentration of the leaving group. The second step is the fast, exothermic nucleophile addition. In an SN2 reaction the leaving

  • Β-Bromostyrene Isomers

    608 Words  | 2 Pages

    can give a hint about the mechanisms the reaction underwent. By an atom attaching to either a cis or trans side of a molecule, the production of different isomers occurs. Using stereochemistry, there are clues that can be gathered about the mechanism used. In order for the elimination reaction to occur there are two options, either E2 or E1 pathway. Both of these pathways have characteristics that must be present for the reaction to occur. The E2 reaction need the molecule to have anti-coplanar stereochemistry

  • Sn2 Reaction Lab Report

    539 Words  | 2 Pages

    SN2 reactions are described as bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions that occur in one concerted step without the formation of a carbocation intermediate. These reactions are performed most effectively in polar aprotic solvents such as acetone. The steric hindrance presented in the substrate is considered the most important factor due to the fact that the more steric hindrance there is around the halide, the harder it is for it to leave. The collected data for the SN2 reactions support

  • Dostoevsky’s Notes from Undergound - Reactions to an Overdeterministic Existence

    1997 Words  | 4 Pages

    Dostoevsky’s Notes from Undergound - Reactions to an Overdeterministic Existence Some of the works cited are missing Dostoevsky presents his Notes from Undergound as the fragmented ramblings of an unnamed narrator. On the surface, the character’s narration appears disjointed and reaches no conclusive end ing until the author intercedes to end the book. However, a close examination of the underground man’s language reveals a progression in his collected ravings. After expressing dissatisfaction

  • Reactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason

    3815 Words  | 8 Pages

    Reactions to Patriarchal Oppression by Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason Missing Works Cited Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason are both oppressed by the British patriarchal system were men are the makers, interpreters, and enforcers of social and political rules. However, these two women differ greatly in the ways that they accept and cope with the reality of their place in society, and it is these differences that ultimately determine their fate. Jane Eyre follows the rules. Although she initially revolts

  • Reactions to Hooks’ Feminism is for Everybody

    813 Words  | 2 Pages

    Reactions to Hooks’ Feminism is for Everybody I am not a feminist simply because I was raised in a feminist household. I am not a feminist because I am an independent, educated woman. I am not a feminist because I am a bitter female, nor because I am a “woman scorned.” I am not a feminist because I hate men, nor because I am a lesbian nor because I like to listen to the Indigo Girls. To the contrary I love men and I am not a lesbian. While I agree with hooks that “feminism is a movement to end

  • Social And Political Reactions To Mormon Polygamy

    2000 Words  | 4 Pages

    "We are a peculiar people," Elder Bruce R. McConkie once said (McConkie 25). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of a few "odd" Christian religions. Many of its practices have created much persecution and political reaction, polygamy being one of these. It created much social and political persecution of the Mormons. Most of this persecution had come from anti-polygamist Christians. This is ironic because the anti-polygamists believed in the Bible, but not polygamy, one of its

  • Reactions to Oppression in Jamaica and South Africa

    6530 Words  | 14 Pages

    Reactions to Oppression in Jamaica and South Africa "Bob Marley said How long shall they kill our prophets While we stand aside and look Little did he know that eventually The enemy will stand aside and look While we slash and kill our own brothers Knowing that already they are the victims of the situation" Lucky Dube, Victims Lucky Dube is a reggae artist from South Africa singing in a fight against oppression in his country. Like Jamaica, South Africa has been oppressed

  • What Is The Effect Of Changing The Concentration Of Alkali On The Volume Of Acid

    1489 Words  | 3 Pages

    An investigation of neutralization reactions Aim Question : What is the effect of changing the concentration of an alkali, on the volume of acid needed to neutralise it, when acid is added to it? The plan is to use two acids (Hydrochloric & Sulphuric) and one alkali (Sodium Hydroxide). The reason I need to use two acids is; because the question applies to all acids and alkalis and to just use one of each would not enable me to come to a general conclusion. If there had been more

  • Comparing Reactions to Industrialism in Frankenstein and The Communist Manifesto

    1115 Words  | 3 Pages

    Reactions to Industrialism in Frankenstein and The Communist Manifesto The radical changes of the nineteenth century were unlike any the world had seen before. A sense of these changes were felt by all in many aspects; not just politically, but in social and cultural means as well. When Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published in 1831, it was clear that many general elements of the romantic era were well reflected. Similarly, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels' The Communist Manifesto appeared