Roger II created a Norman kingdom in Sicily that is noted for its tolerance. It was considered rare that a kingdom contained religious diversity in relative harmony with each other, but this kingdom was known for its relative harmony. This kingdom was continued by his grandson, William II. He was the last of the direct Norman d’Hauteville line to rule Sicily. This paper will examine two cathedrals: Cefalu, (built by Roger II), and Monreale, (built by William II). These cathedrals are bookends
The Norman Invasion of Sicily Georgios Theotokis, author of The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics, is a history professor at Fatih University in Istanbul, Turkey. Professor Theotokis earned his PhD in Military History from Glasgow University in Glasgow, Scotland. In writing The Norman Invasion of Sicily, 1061–1072: Numbers and Military Tactics, Theotokis relied heavily on Geoffrey Malaterra’s Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of His Brother Duke
The Role of the Individual and Society in the Late 19th Century, Nationalism A young boy of both German and Italian heritage opens a book on his ancestry. The earliest recordable links he can trace from his Italian and German roots are two tribes. The tribes are very similar in all aspects that he can discern. The German people have the same interests, occupations, religions, and traditions. Identical traits are seen in the Italian tribe. The boy questions, however, if these people can really
Deep within medieval European civilization, suffused with the inviolable imperatives of obedience and faith, reason struggled for legitimacy. At that time, the church enjoyed a stranglehold over human knowledge, and no intellectual revolution could have come from beyond the pale of its own teachings (Palmer & Colton, 1995). In this sense, St. Thomas Aquinas was truly a guiding light in the darkness. The longstanding problem of how to reconcile the classical teachings, and Aristotle preeminent among
the family when he's gone. He knows Sonny is too volatile and hot-tempered, and Fredo is too weak and dim-witted. Only Michael (played by Al Pacino) smart, cool, and capable enough to run the family, but he is a soldier newly returned from World War II. He has a fiance and is eager to start a family and settle down. Taking over the family business of murder, racketeering, and extortion isn't exactly on his list of priorites. However, as he spends more time with has father and brothers, he eventually
Recognizing the need for strong secular leadership, he turned to Western princes to lead the effort. While Holy Roman Emperor Conrad of Hohenstaufen would have been a fitting choice, his focus on the civil war in Germany made him unavailable. King Roger of Sicily was also not considered. Ultimately, Royal French King Louis VII emerged as the sole viable candidate. Louis VII, in a gathering with his tenants-in-chief, expressed his intention to take up the cross and lead the Crusade. His fervor and contempt
Distinguishing between the many diverse archaeological periods is typically done in two ways. The first way to differentiate between two periods is to notice if there is a clear boundary or separation among the archaeological remains. The second way is by looking at the periods from a historical standpoint, and noting any major historical event that led to a significant social and/or political change. Though there are other ways to do this, these are the two most common and useful methods. Both of
Although the Siege of Malta is no longer listed in the top 70 great battles in history, it is still one of the greatest battles that had the highest stakes ever. A war between Ottomans and Malta with stakes of whether or not the Ottoman Empire will rule the Mediterranean Sea, with so much at stake the Siege of Malta is one of the most important sieges of history. Leading the Ottoman/Turk empire was Sultan Suleiman, commanding over 7.6 million square miles, the Ottoman empire was a force to be reckoned
The Real General George Patton World War II was the most destructive war in history. It began in 1939 as a European conflict between Germany and a British and French alliance, but eventually included most of the nations of the world. Most of the war was fought with the same types of weapons used in World War I. The greatest advances were in aircraft and tanks. Patton was the first soldier in the tank corps. He created the training procedures, the regulations and the methods of instruction