gave legal protection for a term of fourteen years from the date of original publication. This term could be renewed for an additional fourteen years if the author was still alive after the initial term of protection was over (Goldstein, 6). This became the foundation on which later copyright legislation would be built on. Author’s rights developed in France, Germany, and several other states... ... middle of paper ... ...ks Cited Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
give effect to important judicial decisions, the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 has been replaced by the Trade Marks Act, 1999 together with the Trade Marks Rules 2003. The Act has undergone further changes to make trade mark prosecution and protection more efficient in the face of growing commercialization, communication and needs of corporate governance. The topic is selected by the researcher because of focal importance in the Trade Marks Law. The concept of well-known trade mark finds a place
Intellectual property is that the tangible results of human power and creativity. IPR is a general term that covers patents, trademarks, trade secrets, industrial style, database rights and copyright. Money and efforts are concerned in any analysis, innovation or invention resulting in a product, process, method, design, literary and creative work etc. The results of money gains to its authors or creators are usually registered under one or the various heads of Intellectual property rights. The creation
Patent protection in Malaysia is governed by the Patents Act 1983, and is obtainable by either or filing a direct national application or entering the national phase of a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application. There are two patent classifications that an applicant can choose upon application, the standard patent or design patent and the utility patent. With regards to Malaysian Patent Application Requirements, the applicant has to file the patent with the Intellectual Property Corporation
The importance of Alexander Graham Bell on today's society is visible, or rather audible, everywhere. First and most importantly, Alexander Graham Bell was a prolific teacher of the deaf. He considered this to be his true life's work, but only one of the many important things he did. With his great research of speech and sound, he would become one of the greatest inventors of all time. His own definition of an inventor is "a man who looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are
Beginning in the late seventieth century, the Age of Enlightenment set in motion revolutionary ideals that would eventually destroy the traditional feudal system and initiate the rise of nationalism in Europe. This “rise of nationalism” would span over three hundred years, from the birth of the French revolution, to the outbreak of WW2. During this span, the hostilities and violence between European nations would increase, due to their respected people’s willingness to support their given nation’s
would have been in trouble. Patent - a writing securing to an inventor for a term of years the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention; or it may be the monopoly or right so granted[i]. The traditional rationale for patents is that protection of inventions will spur innovation and aid in the dissemination of information about technical advances. By prohibiting others from copying an invention, patents allow inventors to recoup their investment in development while at the same time revealing
Earth holds a vast diversity of living organisms and immense varieties of Habitat and ecosystem. Biodiversity is the variety and variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic eco¬systems and the ecological complexes; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems (CBD 1992). The term biodiversity, the short form of biological diversity, was coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1985. The fundamental to ecologically sustainable
2. State of knowledge 2.1 fermentation process and its residues 2.1.1 Fermentation process Fermentation is widespread used for extracting energy and commonly choose the materials with high concentrations of sugars / carbohydrates as substrates for the fermentation process. Fermentation is a metabolic and reduction process that converts organic compounds to methane, ethanol, lactic acid, lactose and hydrogen isolated from oxygen while the by-product is the fermentation residue. Fermentation process