Fermentation Process Essay

2. State of knowledge

2.1 fermentation process and its residues

2.1.1 Fermentation process

Fermentation is widespread used for extracting energy and commonly choose the materials with high concentrations of sugars / carbohydrates as substrates for the fermentation process. Fermentation is a metabolic and reduction process that converts organic compounds to methane, ethanol, lactic acid, lactose and hydrogen isolated from oxygen while the by-product is the fermentation residue. Fermentation process can be slower or interrupted by many factors: the oxygen, the light, temperature, unsuitable temperature, unsuitable reaction, unappropriate humidity or high environmental toxicity.

The main components of a biogas plant are the conditioner, fermentor

The manures to achieve this purpose provide enhanced nutrient use efficiency along with enhanced yields [41] With controlled-release fertilizers, the release pattern, quantity and time can be predicted within certain limits. Table 2.7 shows more detailed information about CRFs.

It is shown in their model that irrigation water penetrates the coating to condense on the solid fertilizer core followed by partial nutrient dissolution after applying the coated fertilizer. Two subsequent processes are caused since osmotic pressure builds within the containment making the granule consequently swells. During the first process, when osmotic pressure crushes the threshold membrane resistance, the coating bursts and the entire core is instinctively released which can be assimilated to as the catastrophic release. In the second process, if the membrane stands the developing pressure, there is a diffusion force which can drive core fertilizer to be released slowly. The catastrophic release is generally observed in frail coatings such as sulfur or modified sulfur, while polymer coatings such as polyolefin are expected to exhibit the diffusion release