The Baltimore & Ohio railroad (B&O) was the first railroad to electrify part of its tracks, doing so in 1895 (Lecture Notes, 2/19/14). The electric locomotive was faster and cheaper than the steam locomotive, and produced no smoke (Lecture Notes, 2/19/14). This opened up the gates for electric locomotives to replace steam engines on their own tracks. Still, only a few American railroads electrified their lines between 1900 and 1950. Many American railroads failed to electrify their railroads due
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE I am beholden for providing me this fortuity and it is with ample contentment and genuine gratification I indite this statement of purpose. I strongly believe in the adage “There is no substitute for hardwork” which has been and will be my precept in all the aspects of life including academic and professional career. Accomplishing M.S will be an ideal step for my aspiration to augment knowledge in electrical engineering and affiliated fields. I contemplate to pursue my M.S degree
Global positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-base navigation system that provides a user with proper equipment access to positioning information. The most commonly used approaches for GPS positioning are the Iterative Least Square (ILS) and the Kalman Filter (EKF) methods. Both of them are based on psuedorange equation: (4.1) In which Xs and Xu represent the position of the satellite and receiver, respectively. is the clock bias of receiver. is a measurement given by receiver for each satellites