PART A According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) “patient safety is the reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum”. (WHO, 2009) In the healthcare industry, maintaining patient safety is the main concern. Adverse events are “the failure of planned events to achieve their desired goal” (Reason, 1995). Once adverse events occur it is of the utmost importance to identify the underlying causes that lead to their occurrence. In healthcare, due to
article. The common minor side effects include nausea, vomiting, pruritus, shivering and urinary retention. Respiratory depression, especially late-onset, is a more dreaded complication. ROUTES OF OPIOD ADMINSTRATION CENTRAL NEURAXIAL – INTRATHECAL / EPIDURAL Intrathecal opiods exert analgesic action by acting on the μ-receptors of the spinal cord. The onset and duration of action are dependent on lipid solubility. Lipid soluble opiods like fentanyl and sufentanil diffuse more from the cerebrospinal
Discussion It has been shown that intrathecal administriton of GABA receptor antagonists cause hyperalgesia and allodynia. Constitutive, the increase in the endogenous GABA activity in the spinal cord alleviate pain resulting from noxious and innoxious mechanical and thermal stimuli. Different GABA receptors have different roles in alleviating thermal and mechanical pain in different animal pain models. There is no study to date that has examined the involvement of GABA A and GABA B in sensory dimension
Shannon Brown Mr. Pontes English 12 Honors 19 May 2014 According to SEER Statistics, 23,380 people are estimated to get a brain or nervous system cancer diagnosis. Out of those people, 14,320 people are estimated to die from their brain or nervous system cancer diagnosis (National Cancer Institute). Cancer is a type of dangerous tumor, or a buildup of extra cells that form a mass of tissue, that can be life threatening (National Cancer Institute). The term for a tumor that is cancerous is a malignat
SMA is largely an inherited autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in chromosome 5q that lead to a deficiency in SMN1-related proteins. In rare instances (2-3% of SMA), SMA can occur de novo rather than inheriting a defective copy of the gene from each parent. This deficiency results in degeneration of motor neurons causing muscle atrophy, particularly in the limbs and the muscles that control the mouth, throat and respiration. There are four types of SMA, types I, II, III, and IV which
The discovery of morphine, which occurred in 1803, transformed the medical treatment of pain and chronic diseases (Levinthal, 2005). Morphine, a narcotic or opioid, is widely used in the medical field today and is specifically used therapeutically to treat moderate to severe pain in individuals. The most common routes of administration for morphine are oral and intravenous administration (Angel, Gould, Carey, 1998). Morphine acts by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and thus reduces the
killing the fast-growing cancer cells, but these drugs can also kill or damage the growth of the bodies healthy cells (4). This type of treatment can be administered in many ways. Some common ways of administration include oral, muscle injections, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, intra-arterial, topical, and intravenous (4). The side effects associated with chemotherapy can make everyday activities a challenge. The side effects usually depend on the type of drugs, dose of drugs given, and how long the treatment
Thesis Statement While chemotherapy is beneficial at curing or helping a disease such as cancer, it can has a negative effect on a person’s body too. Purpose Statement This paper is about the side effects of chemotherapy and how to relieve some of those terrible side effects, how exactly chemotherapy works, how it helps a patient. This paper also talks about how chemotherapy is given, what chemotherapy is, and who needs it. Introduction What is Chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is an aggressive
After comparing the both and doing a reasonable amount of research, the treatment option of chemotherapy seems to be the most effective protocol used by oncologists today. The protocol of chemotherapy has been practiced for many years and will be used and experimented on to prolong the life of a patient and one day find a cure. Many times this treatment is just called chemo. Surgery and radiation therapy remove, kill, or damage cancer cells in a certain area, but chemo can work throughout the whole
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. It is a chronic and disabling disease of the brain and central nervous system (the spinal cord). An autoimmune disorder is a disorder caused by the reaction of an individual’s immune system against the organs and tissues of the body. In MS, “when a certain part of the myelin sheath (nerve cover) is inflamed and damaged, transfer of impulses through neutrons, is disturbed, slow or intermittent" (Tanovis, Vrabac, Kadic, Rama, Tanovic, 2014). This means
System Theory: An Open System Approach Purpose statement: The purpose of this paper is to report a concern in a chosen healthcare institute (oncology outpatient clinic at Parkland health and hospital systems). I aim to use an open-system theory with the incorporation of the systems theory model to achieve a goal for realistic solutions. Consequently, a preferred outcome is to expressed identifiable intent to enable the result. Additionally, a policy and procedures are acknowledged, and relevant
Introduction Herpes Zoster (HZ), or Shingles, is a cutaneous disease, characterized by a unilateral, dermatomal, and often painful vesicular rash. Following the primary infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the virus remains latent in the dorsal or cranial sensory ganglia. The outbreak typically results from reactivation of latent VZV.1 Herpes zoster (HZ) arises years or decades after primary infection with VZV, which is known in clinical settings as varicella and, in many instances, as chicken