term orphan drug refers to a product that treats a rare disease affecting fewer than 200,000 Americans. Orphan drugs help the companies that manufacture them, under the Orphan drug act. Under the act a small company can pick up a product that would be worth anywhere from $5 million to $20 million a year. The orphan drug act has helped in the development of products to treat drug addiction, leprosy, hemophilia, and rare cancers, as well as diseases most people have never heard of, such as cryptosporidiosis
Tay-Sachs disease is a rare and fatal genetic disorder that destroys neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The disease appears in three forms, Juvenile Onset, Late Onset (known as LOTS), and the most common form, Infantile (also known as Classic). The differences between the three forms of the disease are related to the age at which the symptoms of the disease begin to form. Tay-Sachs results from a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, which plays a vital role in removing a fatty substance
shaped European commercial aggression in this period. Gold and sugar were not the only commodities that had an effect on trade, but they were the most expensive to come by. People became enslaved because Europeans needed workers for their sugar plantations and their gold mines. The intersection of southern Europeans’ quest for commodities and the labor to help produce them brought about the annexation of Atlantic islands and
important reasons of the world, suicide is considered an important cause of public health. Governments and other organizations are still searching for effective methods to prevent suicide. At the same time, some people acceptable or appropriate action to get suicide whoever suffering from painful and incurable diseases. Suicide is happened all over the world, in some Eastern European nations, South African countries are very low rates
Disease is considered an horrid word; by definition it is a disorder within an organism which implies it is unwanted and needs to be fixed. However in, Dr. Sharon Moalem and Jonathan Prince’s book, Survival of the Sickest the authors discuss a topic one does not often hear, the benefits of sickness. Diabetes, hemochromatosis, and sickle cell anemia are just a few problems that in the past helped us survive long enough to reproduce. An estimate of 171 million people have diabetes and that number is
Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. Firstly, the European could not colonize Africa easily, due to
Childhood Obesity Obesity is not a disease. It is a condition where our body stores excessive fat and affects our health or well-being. Childhood obesity is a major cause for disease and health risks which may be lifelong. Childhood obesity is becoming a threat to society because of its prevalence. Obesity reduces life expectancy. Childhood obesity is an epidemic in the United States. The number of obese children has increased and doubled within two decades. (Helping your overweight child." Pamphlet
Rubella also commonly referred to as “German Measles” was previously believed to be a variation of measles until 1814 when it was first correctly indicated as a separate disease in German medical literature. Although the the rubella rash presents similar to the rash associated with measles, rubella is less severe and infectious. Rubella is distinguished by a red rash that first presents on the face and spreads to the trunk, arms, and legs and disappears in the same progression. The rash looks similar
to a process of social change, not merely a set of policies and programs instituted for some specific results. Social change is stimulated by an increasing awareness leading to better organization, which emerges when the society senses new and better opportunities for progress and it develops new forms of organization to exploit these new openings successfully. On the other hand, state-building, as a term used in state theory, describes the construction of a functioning state. The term first entered
and integrate different parts of its value chain. For a long time, this direction worked very well for the company. Orphan drugs represented a niche market that had minimal competition, besides the fact that there was an increased prevalence of rare diseases around the globe and most of the affected people were willing to pay huge amount to improve their standard of living. This resulted in positive financial results for Genzyme, which has been ranked one of the most respected companies globally. Although
pre-historic era as far as 1000 AD this disease was not very much known to people but have said to be found on an Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses V mummy who died in 1157BC (Henderson, Fenner, Arita, Ladnyi, 1988 p 209-210). There was evidence of pustule eruption and rash that have been seen on the mummy similar to the description of a variola virus. Part of the idea of where this disease came from is unknown and where the origin of this disease is very much not clear. This disease that is known to be contagious
Gaucher disease is an inherited, chronic, progressive genetic disorder. People diagnosed with Gaucher disease lack an enzyme known as glucocerebrosidase (Bennett, 2013). It is the most common condition within the lysosomal storage order diseases (Chen, 2008). Glucocerebrosidase helps break down glucocerebreside, a fatty substance stored or accumulated inside the lysosome (Enderlin, 2003). This causes the cells to become bloated and is visible under a microscope. It is estimated that about 1 in 40
involved for the animals. Animals can contract human diseases from visitors from the zoo. For example, apes are susceptible to influenza, measles, and tuberculosis from humans. Stephen St. C. Bostock wrote in Zoos and Animal Rights, “An animal can also be exposed in a zoo to infections that it wouldn’t face in the wild…Primates especially apes, can catch tuberculosis and measles from humans” (Bostock, 67).Taranjit Kahr reported more about respiratory diseases in, “Descriptive Epidemiology of Fatal Respiratory
Pocketful of posies refers to flowers or herbs carried in the pockets of victims because they believed this disease was transmitted by bad smells. Ashes, ashes is in reference to the cremation of bodies after death as opposed to burial. We all fall down signifies the sudden death bubonic plague causes. William Langland also wrote about the impact of this disease in an epic translated by Siegried Wenzel: So nature killed many through corruptions, Death came driving after her and dashed all to dust
Legionnaires’ disease is an infectious disease caused most often by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila). The disease resembles severe pneumonia. Legionnaires’ disease is sometimes called “Legion Fever.” It was first discovered in 1976 when there was a pneumonia outbreak among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philidelphia. In January of 1977 the bacteria was discovered as the causative agent of the outbreak. While outbreaks receive substantial media attention
and risks of vaccines? Why do people opt out of vaccines for them and their children? Why This Topic Interested Me My siblings and I have never received any vaccinations because my parents opted out of them. Up until second grade, I thought it was rare for people to get shots. I didn’t realize that vaccines were required to go to school and that I was in the minority. Now that I know this, I am meeting more people that aren’t vaccinated. For example, my next door neighbors have five children who
Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, 2014). Atlantic salmon belongs to the family of Salmonidae (U.S. Food And Drug Administration, 2013). Also, it is in the order of Salmoniformes, which include all salmons, trouts, whitefishes, and smelts (Webb, 2009). A common characteristic of salmonides is the presence of an adipose fin. Atlantic salmon are indigenous to the Atlantic Ocean. Generally, the Atlantic salmon is composed of three different species: North American, European, and Baltic (U.S. Food
The purpose of any organization is to serve the interests of public, customers and its stakeholders. Organizations, depending on their nature of business, render services, manufacture goods and cater the needs and wants of the individuals. Organizations mainly deliver what they speak about their business. The vision and mission statements are indicators of the true business of an organization. In the current business world, organizations are derived by the elements of its corporate environment. Company’s
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, directed against the myelin sheath. Leading to demyelination and axonal loss. It’s characterized by spread “plaques” of demielinization typically found in typically found on MRI in the periventricular region, corpus callosum, centrum semiovale and, to a lesser extent, deep white – structures and basal ganglia.(Olek, 2005) The clinical picture of the disease is rich and variated. Usually it starts with motor
Leprosy Leprosy (Hansen's Disease), sometimes called "Hanseniasis" or "H.D.," is a chronic my cobacterial disease of man, caused by Mycobacterium leprae (infectious in some cases), primarily affecting the peripheral nerves and secondarily involving skin and certain other tissues/organs, in particular the eye, mucosa of the nasal and upper respiratory tract and also the testes. In most cultures, HD still carries a strong stigma that sometimes makes more trouble for the patient that the actual leprosy