(10 marks) Doripenem (C15H24N4O6S2) is a member of carbapenem beta lactam antibiotic. Doripenem display antibacterial activity mostly against Gram-negative bacteria. The IUPAC name of Doripenem is (+)-(4R,5S,6S)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-3-[(3S,5S)-5-(sulfamoylamino)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]thio-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid and molecular weight of 420.50. The chemical structure of doripenem is similar to other carbapenem antibiotic. It compromised a beta lactam ring fused
may colonize a patient without causing any infections or symptoms, especially in tracheostomy sites or open wounds [26]. Historically, A. baumannii infections were clinically treated with different classes of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, carbapenems, macrolides, and penicillins [2]. However, several studies have recently reported outbreaks of drug-resistant A. baumannii (MRAB) that were unaffected by standard clinical antibiotic treatments [2,1]. Consequently, treating patients infected with
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Information WHAT IS CRE? CRE stands for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. CRE infections are caused by a type of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria that is no longer affected by carbapenem antibiotic medicines (drug-resistant bacteria). Carbapenems are a group of antibiotics that are frequently used to treat serious infections. Small amounts of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria normally live in the intestines of some people, and it usually does not cause problems
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections as cited by the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey that can affect both pediatrics and adults [4,6]. Locally, this type of infection was ranked as fourth leading cause of Morbidity in Iloilo City [15]. Such infections can be acquired either as health care associated or in the community. The cause of such infection also includes the following but not limited to poor hygiene, sex, instrumentation, anatomic structure, etc. [6]and
inhibit the third and final stage of a bacterial cells wall. Meropenem binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins located inside the bacterial cell wall. Meropenem attacks the gram negative bacteria binding sites between carbapenems. There are four mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. They decrease the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms, decrease affinity for the target penicillin-binding proteins, over-expression of efflux pumps, and enzymatic degradation
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumonia is a gram-negative, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, urease positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is in the Enterobacteriaceae family (Tufts University, n.d.). Klebsiella is typically found in the nose or mouth, gastrointestinal tract (CDC, 2012). Klebsiella pneumonia was first discovered in 1882 as a pathogen that caused pneumonia (). Klebsiella can cause various types of health-related infections in the
Unknown Organism Assignment Lacey Fagan Microbiology: Mrs. Rossman I was given unknown organism #14, in order to find out what organism I had, I had to perform several different biochemical tests to identify it. Starting with the Gram stain test, which is performed to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. After staining, when observed through the microscope Gram-positive cells are a purple color with thick peptidoglycan cell walls. Gram-negative cells are a pinkish/red color with
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains to be a common and potentially serious complication of ventilator care often confronted within an intensive care unit (ICU). Ventilated and intubated patients present ICU physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists with the unique challenge to integrate evidence-informed practices surrounding the delivery of high quality care that will decrease its occurrence and frequency. Mechanical intubation negates effective cough reflexes and hampers mucociliary
return from Iraq, Ab has become one of the most clinically significant MDR’s. APIC defines MDR Ab as: Multidrug resistance to more than two of the following drug classes: antipseudomonal cephalosporins (ceftazidime or cefepime), antipseudomonal carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem), ampicillin/sulbactam, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin), and aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin) (Rosenbaum et al. 7). The history of Ab starts when “the Dutch microbiologist, Beijerinck
Infection control is important in reducing the spread of any contagious virus or disease. People wash their hands after using the washroom to clean his/her hands and get rid of any unwanted germs on them. Thomas J. Sandora and Donald A. Goldmann (2012) believe that basic infection control procedures are the way to decrease and stop antibiotic resistant bacteria strains from spreading and developing. Proper handwashing is one way to reduce the transmission and creation of new antibiotic resistant
Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon in which microorganisms undergo a genetic mutation that allows them to withstand the effects of antibiotic agents designed to kill them or make them incapable of reproduction. To understand antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand what antibiotics are and the mechanisms behind these drugs that affect diseases. Antibiotics are chemical agents that specifically target certain bacterial strains and disable the bacteria by preventing their reproduction
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacterium. It is a primary cause of hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa is primarily a nosocomial pathogen. It also acts as an opportunistic pathogen, which can only infect a host that is immunocompromised, due to an underlying disease or medication. Although, P. aeruginosa can cause damage to virtually any tissue in the body, it almost never affects the tissues of healthy individuals. It is a problematic pathogen
The increase of drug-resistant microbes in the last two decades is fighting against current efforts to battle infectious diseases. By being more resistive to current medication, sicknesses which used to be considered under control are becoming new threats which also make other incurable diseases far more dangerous: TB, pneumonia, malaria, cholera and HIV. Even though antibiotic resistance affects both industrialized and developing countries, its effect is far worse on developing countries. The problem