Purpose/Introduction What reaction was conducted in this experiment and with what reagents? Was there a reason for this reaction beyond just synthesis of product(s)? What techniques were used to purify and identify the product(s) of the reaction? The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid and determine what the isolated products tells us about the possible mechanism. The stereochemistry of the product results from either a syn or anti addition of Br2
Vecuronium-bromide is a drug used prior to and during surgery. It has several benefits in surgical situations which makes it an ideal drug. It has a rapid onset and recovery time, it is easily administered which is a benefit for maintenance doses, it paralyses the trachea which aids in ease of endotracheal tubation, it also has very little cardiovascular or histamine releasing effects. All of these things combined make it an ideal drug in conjunction with other anesthesia medications for surgery
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound. A condenser and heat reflux was used to prevent reagents from escaping. Then the solid product was vacuum filtered. The product was recrystallized to purify it and the unknown filtrate and nucleophile was determined by taking the melting points and performing TLC. Nucleophilic substitution reactions have a nucleophile
p-toluic acid was solved by the discovery of bromide-controlled air oxidation in 1955 that was led to the implementation of AMOCO process [28-31]. In AMOCO process, the oxidation of para-xylene was conducted using a combination of three ions as a homogeneous catalyst which is cobalt, manganese and bromide ions. Acetic acid and oxygen/air were used as solvent and oxidant, respectively [32]. The common bromide ion sources are hydrobromic acid (HBr) and sodium bromide (NaBr). The oxidation operated at 175-225°C
Cl2 (Chlorine Water) + KBr (potassium bromide)→ KCL( potassium chloride) + Br2 ( Chlorine) Cl2 (Chlorine Water) + KI (potassium iodide)→ KCL( potassium chloride) + I2 ( Iodine) Br2 (Bromine Water) + KI (potassium iodide)→ KBr( potassium bromide) + I2 ( Iodine) Write the electron configuration for each halogen tested, using subshell notation. Contrast the similarities and differences in the
cb-be7b-497f-b648-153b2850bbe2%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4209&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=aph&AN=9710192632> Bartlett, Sarah, and John Hickman. "'Critical Use' Exemptions and the Methyl Bromide Blues." Synthesis/Regeneration, 32 (2003): 29-30. Nguyen, Ngoc. “Banned Pesticide Use Remains High in CA Strawberry Fields” New American Media (2011) “The Phaseout of Methyl Bromide” United States Environmental Protection Agency (2014)
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment involved synthesis of diphenylmethanol using phenylmagenisum bromide and benzaldehyde, using the method called Grignard reaction. Grignard reactions are an important method for new carbon-carbon bond formation as well as for the synthesis of alcohols. In Grignard reaction, when an alkyl or aryl halide, R-X where “X” is a halogen atom (i.e. Cl, Br, I) is reacted with organometallic compound such as magnesium, Mg. It forms a product RMgX which is known
The refined ABCD grading system utilizes respiratory symptoms and exacerbations alone to assign ABCD categories. These groups are now derived only from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbation. The role of spirometry in overall management of COPD has also been updated. Airflow limitation (obstruction on spirometry) is not a component of the ABCD severity system. Spirometry remains important mainly for diagnosis, prognosis, and consideration of therapies, but NOT for severity grading systems
for the reflux to work well, rapid stirring must be in effect throughout. The yield of 2-bromohexane is higher when the reaction mixture is stirred. This is because when HBr is alone, it is immiscible in 1-hexene. Stirring with tetrabutyl ammonium bromide causes separation of organic and aqueous layers. When the aqueous layer is removed, we make it more reactive with alkene. Then stirring solution causes more surface area for the HBr and 1-hexene to react with each other, so more product of 2-bromohexane
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent to form a solution [1]. The solubility of a particular substance is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of both the solute and solvent [1]. The temperature, pressure and pH of the solution also has an effect on the solubility. The extent of the solubility of a certain solute in a particular solvent is measured as saturation, where adding more solute will not increase
Ishaan Sangwan Experiment 7: Grignard Reaction Discussion In this experiment, a Grignard reaction was performed to create a carbon-carbon bond, between a bromide and carbon dioxide. The product was then protonated to form a carboxylic acid, which was identified by obtaining its melting point, and by performing a titration with NaOH to obtain its molecular weight. In organometallic chemistry, carbon is bound to a metal. Usually, carbons are bound to elements that are more electronegative than carbon
to form chlorine monoxide. Then it is regenerated through the reaction with monatomic oxygen in the second equation. The net result of the two reactions is the depletion of ozone and atomic oxygen.6 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and methyl bromide are a few of the ozone depletion substances (ODS) that break down ozone under intense ultraviolet light. The bromine and fluorine in these chemicals act as catalysts, reforming ozone (O3) molecules and monatomic oxygen into molecular oxygen (O2).
and Cyclohexane By adding bromine to a mixture of Cyclohexane and water, and placing the mixture under a bright light and shaking from time to time, Hydrogen Bromide is formed. This reaction is shown below: [IMAGE]C6H12 + Br2 C6H11Br + HBr When the bromine has all reacted and the red colour has gone, the hydrogen bromide can be titrated with sodium hydroxide. This reaction is shown below: [IMAGE]HBr + NaOH NaBr + H2O From this titration I can then work out the HBr formed per mole
Electrolysis of molten lead bromide: [IMAGE] The electrolyte is Molten Lead Bromide As is above, the ions gain or lose electrons at the electrodes. These reactions can be shown using "Half - Equation". Below, I have shown them using the example of Lead Bromide. [IMAGE]The lead bromide is separated into molten lead and Bromide. PbBr(l) Pb(l) + Br²(g) When lead Bromide is melted, the ions are free to move towards the oppositely charged electrode, because Lead Bromide is an ionic substance
BROMINATION OF BENZENE SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF BROMOBENZENE: PROCEDURE DATA TABLE Chemical Boiling point C Melting Point C Density g/mL Solubility Benzene 80.1 5.5 0.88 Slightly in H2O Toluene 110.6 -93 0.87 Slightly in H2O Bromobenzene 155-156 -30.8 1.50 Insoluble Dibromobenzene 220.40 87.31 0.96 Insoluble MATERIALS: Graduated cylinder Weight scale Buchner funnel Filter flask Rubber stopper
groups; 32 patients in each group Patients were randomly allocated to one of three study groups; 32 patients in each group: Group 1 (C group) :(n=32) each patient received the combination of 3.5ml bupivacaine 0.5%, 3.5 ml lidocaine 2%, 0.5ml rocuronium bromide (5mg) plus 0.5ml Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) Group 2 (D group) :(n=32) each
move much faster when exposed to the positive charge. I used the proper amount of voltage and allowed the gel to process the correct length of time. I used several different times which allowed me to view the migration at a slower pace. The ethidium bromide dye illustrated the migration pattern of my samples. The experiment was a success because I was able to determine the correct genotype for each
Energy plays a critical role in the society of today, from the lights in your room to the medical equipment in the city hospital, human life depends greatly on energy production. Between the energy crisis of the 70s and the increasing carbon emissions in the air, renewable and alternative energy has seen increasing demand in research. While solar and wind plants are effective, they face challenges in their inability to hold excess power to be evenly distributed when required during maximum and non-maximum
However, bromides and iodides develop color on exposure to light. The reason for the development of color is the decomposition of halogens in presence of light. The reaction to the phenomenon is 2R−I → R−R + I2 Many of the halogen compounds having volatile nature
Epilepsy is a disorder in a person’s brain, which causes them to have recurring seizures. John Hughlings Jackson, who was a British neurologist, is very well known for his research on epilepsy. Hughlings Jackson observed his wife's epileptic seizures. He noted that all of her seizures followed the same pattern. They would start at one of her hands, move to her wrist, then her shoulder, then her face. They would finally affect the leg on the same side of her body, then stop. He went on to describe