Shaken Baby Syndrome
Brandy Gangwer
Human Development 1
Lisa Bergquist
Thursday 6pm
Shaken Baby Syndrome
My childhood disorder is Shaken Baby Syndrome.” Abusive head trauma/inflicted traumatic brain injury — also called shaken baby/shaken impact syndrome (or SBS) — are a form of inflicted head trauma “ (Foundation, 1995-2014). Over 300 babies a year die from being shaken in the United States per the National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome. Those are only the ones that are reported, they say that the numbers are much higher (The National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 1990).
Definition
The mayo clinic defines shaken baby syndrome as an “abusive head trauma, shaken impact syndrome, inflicted head injury or whiplash shake syndrome – is a serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler” (Shaken Baby Syndrome, 2011, para. 1). Shaken baby syndrome destroys a child's brain cells and prevents his or her brain from getting enough oxygen. According to the Mayo Clinic (2011) “Shaken baby syndrome is a form of child abuse that can result in permanent brain damage or death” (Shaken Baby Syndrome, para. 1) When a parent, caregiver and or an adult violently shakes an infant, or young child, the brain rocks back and forth inside the cranium causing permanent damage and creating a bleeding and potentially causing death to the infant or child. If death does not happen, then the infant or child can have developmental delays, mental retardation, total blindness, hearing loss and cerebral palsy. This will result in them having to be taken care of the rest of their lives (The National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 1990)
Diagnosis
The way your infant or small child will be diagnosed with shaken baby s...
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Miles, K. (2013, May). Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome). Retrieved May 15, 2013, from Baby Center: http://www.babycenter.com/0_abusive-head-trauma-shaken-baby-syndrome_1501729.bc
Nathalie Smith, M. R. (2013). Shaken Baby Syndrome. New York: EBSCO publishing.
Prevention, U. D. (2008). A Journalist’s “Five Ws”. Retrieved May 18, 2013, from A Journalist’s Guide to Shaken Baby Syndrome:A Preventable Tragedy: http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/pdf/sbs_media_guide_508_optimized-a.pdf
Stipanicic A, N. P. (March 2008). Comparative study of the cognitive sequelae of school-aged victims of Shaken Baby Syndrome. Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada: Published by Elsevier Ltd.
The National Centeron Shaken Baby Syndrome. (1990). The National Centeron Shaken Baby Syndrome. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from The National Centeron Shaken Baby Syndrome: http://www.dontshake.org
Perry, B., (2006). Applying principles of neurodevelopment to clinical work with maltreated and traumatized children: The neurosequential model of therapeutics. Working with traumatized youth in child welfare, 27-52.
According to an article based on child abuse “The HHS indicates in Child Maltreatment 2008 states CPS agencies received about 3.3 million reports of child maltreatment involving 6 million children.”(Doak, Defining Child Abuse and Domestic Violence) Child abuse whether it is physical, emotional, neglect or sexual it usually is caused by either parents, guardians or others who take care of the child. Physical abuse is distinguished by injuries such as beating or by harsh discipline. Pushing around a child excessively by either smacking, beating, shaking, shoving, stabbing, throwing, kicking, choking or biting are all under the category of physical abuse because that is the harm that is left on a child’s body after that type of abuse. In most cases the abuser isn’t really aware of how much force they use on their victim, it’s them showing a sign of discipline on the child In some studies it is stated that two out of three children are physically abused. Some physical signs for this abuse would be unexplained injuries that are not affected by normal childhood activities, repeated injuries such as from a hand, a belt
Violence is a common cause of TBI. This is especially true for acts of intentional aggression, such as when one individual assaults or abuses another. Research has shown that TBI caused by child abuse has a high mortality rate, and even those who survive still suffer the side effects of the injuries. A study was conducted involving pediatric patients from 2001 to 2010 in order to determine if victims of nonaccidental trauma (NAT) suffered an increased risk of morbidity from TBI. According to Deans, Minneci, Lowell, and Groner (2013), NAT resulting in head trauma is generally caused by “not only deceleration injuries but also repetitive high-velocity rotational forces (shaking), resulting in a more global injury called diffuse axonal injury (DAI) or s...
Thesis: Concussions affect children and adults of all ages causing physical, emotional and metal trauma to a person and their brain.
Mihoces, Gary. “Parents Weigh Risks of Youth Football Amid Concussion Debate.” USA Today. USA Today, 23 May 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
The parent-child relationship is critical to the physical and brain development of a child. In its most literal sense, ‘trauma’ means a...
Some of the key distinctions are that the young brain is largely not myelinated. Myelin is the coating of nerve fibers that connect nerve cells, similar to coating on a telephone wire, it helps transmission but it also gives strength. And so when you violently shake the young brain, you have a much greater chance to disrupt nerve fibers and their connections than you do an adult brain.
Porter, Theresa and Gavin, Helen (2010) "Infanticide and Neonaticide: A Review of 40 years of research literature on incidence and causes". Trauma Violence Abuse 2010 pp. 99-112.
Gaensbauer asks the questions: When exposed to a traumatic event, what does the infant understand about what is happening? Does he or she form an internal representation of the experience? Is the experience retained in memory? If so, for how long and in what forms (2002)? Gaensbauer gives several examples of how trauma memory is retained. In one case, an infant as young as three days old was having trouble taking to his mother’s breast. A very aggressive...
Twenty five to thirty percent of babies shaken die (National Shaken Baby Syndrome). Immediate medical attention can help reduce the impact of shaking, but many children are left with permanent damage from the shaking. The treatment of survivors falls into 3 major categories. Those categories are medical, behavioral, and educational. In addition to medical care, children may need speech and language therapy, vision therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and special education services. (Showers, 1997) Many incidents of Shaken Baby Syndrome are not reported out of fear. It is important to seek immediate and early medical attention. Serious complications and even death can be avoided.
There are many forms of physical abuse, such as, slapping, hitting, strangling, beating, kicking and sexual abuse. In many cases objects being thrown at a child that can injure them. Many times, physical abuse goes undiscovered because children tend to hurt themselves all the time anyway. According to the book, Violence the Enduring Problem states, “Many child victims are fearful or incapable of reporting their victimization to an authority figure. And Despite the mandatory reporting laws in place in all states, evidence of abuse and neglect can often remain hidden except for extreme cases, such as when broken bones and concussions require medical care” (170). Also, physical abuse is often explained away by adults as accidents. But according to Childhelp.org states, “A report of child abuse is made every ten seconds. That in 2014, state agencies found an estimated 702,000 victims of physical child abuse” (Child Help). It is an epidemic that has plagued the United States for decades. Child abuse is an ever-growing social problem. Children that are physically abused have a high propensity to develop psychological disorders, such as, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. There is evidence about the mental health implications of physical abuse and environmental stressors that contribute to the ongoing
Sadly, one of the most disturbing heath impacts appeared on children of women who exposed trauma as a result of 9/11. Their children subsequently exhibited an increased distress response when shown novel stimuli, suggesting that the effects of the trauma were passed on to the children prior to birth (Carter 2013). Joe Carter, an editor for The Gospel, stressed the results from a longitudinal study: “…38 women who were pregnant on 9/11 and were either at or near the World Trade Centre at the time of the attack found that those
Childhood trauma has a significant impact on the life of a child. It affects the child’s overall functioning and development, including emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and social elements. (Perry, Pollard, Blaicley, Baker, & Vigilante, 1995). An overwhelming number of children experience some type of trauma in developmentally critical years which, as previously mentioned, has a major impact on the various aspects of their functioning- specifically their development. Trauma can present itself in a multitude of forms. It may occur that the child lives or lived in a state of poverty or that he suffered a significant injury or the loss of a parent or caregiver. A disheartening number of children experience neglect or abuse in its various forms;
Studies have shown that traumatic experiences that occur during early childhood may affect several aspects of their lives, including relationships, behavior, and emotional responses. NCTSN, 2009 This paper will focus on the effects caused by trauma experienced during childhood on the brain, mind, and personality and how it affects one’s future self. There will also be talk of what disorders may arise from these traumatic experiences, and if anything could be done to help prevent a mental disorder from happening, or to help cope. (2007) The child’s sense of safety may be disrupted by frightening visual stimuli, loud noises, violent movements, and sensations that can be associated with unpredictable frightening events.
Finkelhor, D., & Browne, A. (1985). The Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse [Abstract]. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55(4), 530-541. Retrieved from http://sycnet.apa.org/journals/ort/55/4/530/