THE FRUITS OF OUR CHANGING CLIMATE How Climate Change Affects Fruit Production INTRODUCTION GLOBAL: THE APPLE Apples, one of the most common fruits in the world, according to a study that was published in PLoS One, a peer-reviewed journal, may become more expensive or not possible at all in some areas, due to rising winter temperatures. Evan Girvetz, a Nature Conservancy climate scientist and co-author of the study, says: “…many fruit and nut trees, such as cherries, apples, apricots, walnuts, and almonds, require cold weather during the winter and early spring time to cue the trees to flower and produce good yields of fruits and nuts. These trees have evolved in areas that freeze, and they go dormant during the winter to protect themselves from frost damage. In order to know when to come out of dormancy, they internally keep track of the amount of cold that has occurred over winter.” He goes on to explain that once exposed to the chilling requirement, the amount of cold weather plants need to break dormancy, they will flower then bear fruit. The trees do not properly break dormancy when there is inadequate cold weather, and often can cause them to produce less and even completely fail in some years. A solution suggested in the paper for the fruit and nut trees of Central Valley, California, was migrating crops northward to areas like Oregon and Washington, but problems that this presents include: - Soil/land difference: According to Girvetz, the soil in Oregon and Washington are inferior for growing these trees. - Water: These states also have water limitations, which makes it challenging to expand agriculture. - Economic cost: A probelm for many things, money also bars the way for moving orcha... ... middle of paper ... ...8/full/srep02418.html>. NATIONAL Climate change impacts on New Zealand. (n.d.). www.mfe.govt.nz. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate/impacts-report/impacts-report-jun01.pdf Kiwifruit industry in New Zealand. (2014, March 30). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 31, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwifruit_industry_in_New_Zealand Fruits. (n.d.). Ministry for Primary Industries > Agriculture > Horticulture >. Retrieved April 2, 2014, from http://www.mpi.govt.nz/agriculture/horticulture/fruits Climate Change: Likely Impacts on New Zealand Agriculture. (n.d.). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/climate/impacts-agriculture-sep01/ Cyanamide. (2014, May 4). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanamide
Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system.
Few data are available on the early development of natural stands of sweetgum throughout its broad range. The limited, earlier data indicate that that workers were not aware of the tendency of sweetgum to regenerate from root sprouts that originated from suppressed root buds. Stand disturbances thought to produce ideal seedbed conditions were actually optimum conditions for suppressed bud release and subsequent root sprout development. A South Carolina Coastal plain area thought to have successfully regenerated with sweetgum seed trees was later found to be regenerated primarily from root sprouts.
The Pecan tree is a native tree to North America. When early European settlers traveled across the sea to settle in the New World, they found pecan trees located in numerous places in this new land. Since then, the pecan tree has become one of the most important orchard species in terms of acreage. Indians began using pecans almost 8000 years ago in what is now Texas. The first budded pecan trees were produced in Louisiana in the mid-1800s and orchards have been established throughout the Southern states. The first recorded shipment of pecans to England was documented in 1761, by Spanish and European explorers (Anderson and Crocker, 2004). In 1917, a commercial shipment of pecans came out of Georgia and since then, Georgia has been the leading producer of pecans. Although Georgia is the leading producer, in some years collections of pecans from wild trees in Oklahoma and Texas surpass the production in Georgia.
Not only maple trees have been tapped for syrup. The Birch and Elm trees have been used for syrup, but the maples produce a much sweeter sap than any other tree. "What is more peculiar is that the sap, unlike nectar, does not come from the leaves (they
In Australia the climate is expected to become significantly warmer. Noting that the impacts of climate change will vary from region to
Coniferous trees are a type of tree that is also called a needle-leaved tree, which drops its needles during the fall; this special tree grows in a triangular shape, making it grow in an upward path. Thanks to their needles and their flexible branches, snow can easily rest on the trees without any damage. The needles can stay on the trees for years due to its waxy needles, and the thick bark can prevent the loss of moisture during the times of drought.
Apples can be grown farther North than any other tree fruit. The reason for this is that the tree blooms in late spring when it is unlikely that the blossoms will be harmed by frost. While France harvests more apples than America, the yearly U.S. harvest is around one hundred and fifty million bushels, with the largest apple-growing state being Washington.
The Web. 04 Feb. 2014 -. The Effects of Global Warming. National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web.
Consequences of Global Warming? N.p., n.d. Web. The Web. The Web. 21 Feb. 2014.
Nations (FAO) as “a condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic
Nigh, Gordon D., Ying, Cheng C. & Qian, Hong. (2004, October). Climate and Productivity of Major Conifer Species in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Forest Science 50(5), 659.
Bibliography: Confino, J. (2014). Asda: 95% of our fresh produce is already at risk from climate change. [Online] the Guardian. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/asda-food-waste-risk-climate-change [Accessed 23 Jan. 2015].
...o climate change. All of these have caused an impact on the ability to produce crops and grow agriculturally. Climate change has been increasing the number of droughts, floods, health hazards of employees, natural disasters, and sea level elevations. All of these put in danger the crop productivity resulting in famines and food price increments. Climate change affects agriculture in every country differently due to its location. Countries such as Canada and Russia are being affected positively by climate change since it has enabled the country to prosper agriculturally. Other countries cannot handle drastic temperature changes, such as Sudan and Bangladesh, whose agricultural growth has been affected negatively by the climatic changes. Agriculture is fundamental in a country, creating a balance between agriculture and the increasing climatic changes would be ideal.
Climate change is one of the most serious and profound challenges we are facing right now. What is climate change? And how does it affect our lives? Right now there are many people do not believe climate change is real and climate change will have impacts on their lives. Climate change refers to the statistically significant change in average state of the climate over time. The greater the dispersion, the greater the magnitude of climate change, and the greater the magnitude of climate change, the more unstable the climate. The statistics of climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation are usually reflected in different periods. The length of change varies from the longest to the shortest. Climate change can cause by many factors.
Hardy, J. T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions. New York: J. Wiley, 2003. Print.