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Basic features of india industrial relations system
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Outlining the formal industrial relations systems in India and comparing it to Australian industrial relations systems. Describing the views on how appropriate Indian industrial system is for modern industry and commerce.
Executive summary:
The determination of this report is to compare the industrial relationship system of India and Australia. The assessments provided here describes how appropriate Indian system is for modern industry and commerce. The conclusions gives a clear view of Industrial relations and the relationships between employees and employers inside the organizational situations of India and Australia. Industrial relations are basically the interactions between employers, employees and the government, and the institutions and associations through which such interactions are mediated. This report illustrates the variances of structure and trends of labour force in India and Australia and the size of the labour force and the structure of employment in India and Australia.
Introduction:
Industrial relations shields all aspects of the employment relationship, including human resource management, employee relations, and union-management relations. Industrial relations refer to to the study and practice of collective bargaining, trade unionism, and labour-management relations, while human resource management is a distinct, largely distinct field that deals with non-union employment relationships and the personnel practices and policies of employers.
The aim of this report is to shape the formal industrial relations system in India and comparing it to Australian industrial relations systems. The views are provided on how appr...
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...e of business. It is effected by the macro environment. Governments have control through legislations to enforce things such as working conditions and pay. They generally rely on independent tribunals to settle the matters of industrial conflict. Industrial relations commission is responsible for the majority of the conciliation and arbitration in the country. The underlying assumptions and historical development of India’s Industrial relations system has limited the scope of legislative reform to its institutions and systems. Centralisation and regulation have restricted the evolution and growth of our system. Major, controversial changes proposed by successive federal governments have not resulted in sustainable reforms and have hindered rather than supported employment. Lack of flexibility has reduced opportunity for business to adapt to changing circumstances.
Blanpain, R and Bamber, G J. (2010). Comparative Labor Law and Industrial Relations in Industrialized Market Economies: Xth and Revised Edition. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International.
NZ’s industrial relations developed by protection of the employment relationship through acts passed by government, particularly the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act (IC&A). This is fundamental to NZ’s employment relations and set the right for trade unions to arrange and negotiate collectively with employers, as well as producing awards, wage rates and handling disputes (Bryson, 2011c).
For over five centuries, the Roman Empire was seemingly secure and safe. There were no needs for external city defenses or fortified structure. The reigns of most emperors, however short they had been, from the early 400’s BC to the late 200’s AD, were placidly peaceful. The times were dedicated to prosperity and growth, enjoyment and economy fortifications. Of the five “Good Emperors”, two built walls that protected their city from potential menaces and saved her from enemy invasions and destructions.
China and India both have ponderous bureaucracy systems created by history and tradition. Since the opening of China’s market to foreign investors in 1978 and India in 1991, they have been gradually moving from centrally planned economic system towards decentralisation. However, besides their continuous movements in order to provide businesses a better environment, significant problems still exist.
Since the 2008 global financial crisis, managers in the capitalists United States and the UK have been keen on increasing productivity while suppressing employment-creation resulting in work effort intensification and stronger managerial prerogative (Gregory & Harary, 2012, p.508). In these two countries, the emphasis since the financial crisis has been that operational and financial productivity in an organization can be improved by increasing employer involvement and individual bargaining (Morgan & Zeffane, 2003, p.544). Australia has also been seeing a transition inclined towards modern and individualized employment relation system instead of a collective traditional one. According to Campbell & Brosnan (1999), these changes are to blame on the involvement of the two main political parties in Australia in satisfying the needs of big corporations and foreign private investments through widening the wage gap between employers and employees, and
Employment relations refer to the relationship between the employer and the employee. Employment relations are governed by the provisions of the employment contract and/or collective agreement where applicable, common law principles and legislative provisions governing specific situations. Many factors in the external environment have an effect on the employment relations within an organization, which they need to monitor and possibly adapt to the necessary changes. The external environmental factors that would influence employment relations are political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental.
Employers favor and consider the unitarist approach rather than the pluralist approach. The unitarist approach includes common interests between employers and employees and refer to the responsibility of management to control and manage conflict (Moore&Gardner, 2004, p. 275). The unitarist approach indicates that employees should have loyalty to only one authority that is management (Ross & Bamber, 2009, p.25). The unitarist approach discusses legitimacy on managerial authority to prevent third party involvement from unions and treat them unnecessary. Trade unions play a key role in the employee relationships, although the membership of trade unions have been declined because of the unitarism approach. The pluralist approach recognizes that the organizations are made up of “sectional groups that interest may agree or may conflict with rival sources of leadership and attachment” (Geare, Edgar& McAndrew, 2006, p.1191). The Industrial relations explain the relationship between the employees and management which arise from either directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship (Saif, 2013, p. 34- 35). Saif (2013) states that “it is in the interest of all to create and maintain good relations between employees (labor) and employers (management) (p.34).industrial relations covers the aspect of trade unionism in collective bargaining, industrial disputes and employees participation in management. Employees’ associations and trade unions appear to have developed a ‘protest movements’ against the working condition in the
Modern Industrial Relations in India A study of modern industrial relations in India can be made in three
Over the past thirty years or so, we have seen a great transformation in the world of work all over the world. Manufacturing as well as nationalization of industries and private sectors have largely expanded and employment has become more and more diverse. Memberships of trade unions has collapsed, for much of the private sector, collective bargaining has disappeared, as well as strikes. With these changes came a high rise in new human resource management and new employment practices too. The law that was once absent and in the background has now become increasingly dominant and influential. And the experience in the work place has now become even more pressured.
There are many different approaches and theories regarding industrial relations nowadays. In order to mount an opinion on which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory of industrial relations, each theory will have to be analyzed. The three most prevalent theories of industrial relations which exist are The Unitarist theory, The Pluralist theory and The Marxist theory. Each offers a particular perception of workplace relations and will therefore interpret such events as workplace conflict, the role of trade unions and job regulation very differently. I will examine each of these theories in turn and then formulate my own opinion regarding which is the ‘best’ or most appropriate theory.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as they can be. HRM is a way of grouping the range of activities associated with managing people that are variously categorised under employee relations, industrial/labour relations, personnel management and organisational behaviour. Many academic departments where research and teaching in all these areas take place have adopted the title department of human resources management. HRM is a coordinated approach to managing people that seeks to integrate the various personnel activates so that they are compatible with each other. Therefore the key areas of employee resourcing, employee development, employee reward and employee involvement are considered to be interrelated. Policy-making and procedures in one of these areas will have an impact on other areas, therefore human resources management is an approach that takes a holistic view and considers how various areas can be integrated.
Industrial relations is an umbrella concept that overall encompasses the relationship between the employer and the employee on the contrary Industrial conflict between or among groups, industries and government. Economically, the factor of productivity in workplace is very important
Globalization has made workplace practices quite fluid, and the effects of globalization on labor relations are the focus of an ongoing study. The debate of the longer-run trajectory of employment relations systems under the weight of globalization namely whether the industrial relations systems of countries are converging or diverging has been reignited. The systems are undergoing divergence according to Ali, at least in the case of India, china and Korea. Globalization as a phenomenon is something any nation will need to take into account so as to have a fighting chance in the competitive market. This competitiveness entails certain flexibility as exemplified by all the three nations in question. The need, types and levels of flexibility depend on a suite of factors specific to that country. The pressures of competition will force nations to converge in their practices in the short run but the long run will see a divergence based on the key players participating in labor
One of the most prominent forms of legislative and institutional frameworks within NZ include Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA). The establishment of ERA is considered a shift towards decentralization of E.R in New Zealand. The main objective of E.R is to promote trust-building and goodwill at workplace to improve the E.R. Hence, it encourages productive E.R relation by promoting collective bargaining. Furthermore, it recognises the inherent inequality of power between the employer and the employee. Moreover, mediation is encouraged as a primary source of conflict resolution in ERA (Rasmussen, 2009). Additionally, it provides institutional framework for the collective employment agreements (CEAs) and individual employment agreements IEAs
Industrial Relations is a multidisciplinary field dealing with the study of employment relationship in union and non-union organizations. There have been various theories of industrial relations in place, but the first and most influential theory was put forward by John Thomas Dunlop. Dunlop, as a labor economist, remodelled the work of sociologists and developed a framework of industrial relations system. He developed the System’s Theory which stressed on the interrelationship of institutions and behaviors that enables one to understand and explain industrial relation rules.