Domingo Sarmiento was a writer and educator who later went on to preside Argentina from 1868 to 1874. He wrote “Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism in 1845. Where he presented a subtle criticism of the gauchos (a southern American cowboy who resided on the plains of Argentina) and their contributions to Latin American progress or lack thereof.
The image that is presented of Argentina in the 1880`s is not just critical one, the author is presenting a clear distinction between the countryman and the city man, two classes in one society. One being the city man of Buenos Aires, Cordoba and other towns and the other being the countryman or “gauchos” who lives in the surrounding plains or “Pampas”. Both a part of argentine culture but not participating equally in the progression of argentine society.
What society you may ask? The society presented on the text is an Argentine society in the middle of the 19th century with cities whose physiognomy is quite similar to all American cities. Sarmiento mentions that they are similar because the population is “disseminated across a broad area”. In contrast to American cities however, the city of Cordoba is more similar to a European city. Sarmiento claims it is the “center Argentine, Spanish, European civilization” because it where stores, schools, courthouses are and therefore it is where cultured people are.
Sarmiento claims in the text (Facundo, 1845) that cities like Cordoba and Buenos Aires are surrounded by desert and in this faction they are “hemmed in “ and “oppressed” by the desert. As to say that these cities are the one cultural salvation buried in miles of desert because they posses those characteristics of what Sarmiento believes to be culture. He mentions also that these cities a...
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...s presented in “Facundo” not just in a critical sense but also as a form of admiration. Sarmiento is trying to say that although the gaucho does not have the academic or cultural advances that the city men have, he almost makes up for them in courage, in valor, he lives in way that assures his next generations will live in the same conformity. They will also posses the same strength. They will have the same lack of education yet they same unyielding attitude towards the challenges of country life. Sarmiento holds a certain admiration for the gaucho because of this. Yet he implies it that it will not attribute to the progression of Argentina or South America like the city men will because the gaucho lives for the gaucho, he is disconnected from the needs of South America he is to committed to his current way of life to contribute to the advancement of South America.
This book was written by Machado de Assis in 1908, the same year as the death of the author. Aires Memorial is considered an autobiographical work. It notes a relationship between the novel and the old age of the writer. Without presenting a single plot, the story is divided into several entries from a diary of sorts, featuring anecdotes and episodes that permeate throughout the chapters. The work has the theme amorous idylls and the futility of characters belonging to the Brazilian elite of the late nineteenth century. The author was the brilliant writer more exposed their subjective values, fleeing some of its most striking feature: the narrative exemption.
Vargas Vila’s speech, “Facing the Barbarians” is about his view of American imperialism. The speech takes on a very angry tone. He explains that the Americans revel in their victory of conquest, leaving the Latin Americas weak, defeated, and afraid. He views American imperialism as conquest, invasion and extortion. He believes that the Americans are, “an arrogant and voracious race, hungry for [their] territory, fixed on conquest.” In other words he doesn’t see any benefits to the American’s having power over their country. He believes that as a people, they need to form a union and, “join together to defend [themselves] against invasion and extortion against Europe and North America.” In Vargas’s speech he conveys his disdain for the Americans
Alfredo Corchado — is the author of the book named " Midnight in Mexico:A Reporter's Journey through a Country's Descent into Darkness”. We are, probably, all interested in finding out the facts, news, and gossips about Mexico. This country was always associated with something mysterious. For me personally, the title of the book seemed to be very gripping, I was interested in revealing the secrets of life in Mexico, thus I decided to read this book. I was really curious, what can Alfredo Corchado tell me about the life in this country, the country, where the constant massacre is the picture, people used to see. In his book, the author tells the reader about the real situations, which took place in Mexico, reveals the secrets of the people’s lives and tells the story from the “inside”. He describes the way he lives his life, and does his work. The " Midnight in Mexico: A Reporter's Journey through a Country's Descent into Darkness” is a memoir. Author tries to transform his own experience into the story line. Corchado shows the reader the darkest episodes of Mexican society, while relying on his own experience.
Teja, Jesus F. De La. A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin. Austin: State House Press, 1991.
Genaro Padilla, author of the article Yo Sola Aprendi: Mexican Women’s Personal Narratives from Nineteenth-Century California, expands upon a discussion first chronicled by the historian, H. H. Bancroft and his assistants, who collected oral histories from Spanish Mexican women in the 1870’s American West. Bancroft’s collection, however, did not come from this time period, but closer to the 1840s, a time where Mexican heritage still played a strong presence throughout most of California. These accounts, collected from many different women, in many various positions and lifestyles, shows just how muted the Mexican female voice could be during this era.
Enrique’s Journey is a book that I would never read for fun. It is completely different from most of the books I have read, and intrigued me because the story was about a boy. Most of the books I have read in school are about a girl who goes through many hardships, and difficulties but I felt I could relate more to this one because it is about a boy who struggles. While I may not have been left thousands of miles away by mother so she could send money back, it was great to see what life was like on the other side. In this paper I will be talking about the micro and macro cultures of Enrique’s town Tegucigalpa. The situation and context of the characters decision making and how they adapted.
Through the study of the Peruvian society using articles like “The “Problem of the Indian...” and the Problem of the Land” by Jose Carlos Mariátegui and the Peruvian film La Boca del Lobo directed by Francisco Lombardi, it is learned that the identity of Peru is expressed through the Spanish descendants that live in cities or urban areas of Peru. In his essay, Mariátegui expresses that the creation of modern Peru was due to the tenure system in Peru and its Indigenous population. With the analyzation of La Boca del Lobo we will describe the native identity in Peru due to the Spanish treatment of Indians, power in the tenure system of Peru, the Indian Problem expressed by Mariátegui, and the implementation of Benedict Andersons “Imagined Communities”.
These letters reveal how the rebellions were able to weaken the Spanish empire and they display how they aided the destabilization of the Spanish government and the faith the people had in it. They also offer the indigenous view of the functions of colonial Andean society. The native Andean society created a structure in these reducción towns that had an immense role in constructing the opposition to colonial rule. The Andean communities were able to maintain their own traditions and community organization while they adopted the structures thrust upon them by the colonial
This places the reader in recognisable landscape which is brought to life and to some extent made clearer to us by the use of powerful, though by no means overly literary adjectives. Machado is concerned with presenting a picture of the Spanish landscape which is both recognisable and powerful in evoking the simple joys which it represents. Furthermore, Machado relies on what Arthur Terry describes as an `interplay between reality and meditation' in his description of landscape. The existence of reality in the text is created by the use of geographical terms and the use of real names and places such as SOrai and the Duero, while the meditation is found in...
...sted prior to the Mexican Revolution. Susana San Juan is Rulfo’s acknowledgement that the Revolution did provide an opportunity for the lower and middle classes to better them self through urbanization, but Juan Preciado details Rulfo’s insight towards those that chose to remain within the ghost towns that the conflict created. Rulfo uses these characters in combination to reveal the shortcomings of the Revolution, mainly its failures to lift the entire middle and lower class out of poverty. He believes that all that the Revolution accomplished was to provide an escape for these groups of people, not the redistribution of land that was initially envisioned.
In this part I recognize that Colombian culture was really totally different from Bolivian culture or Peruvian culture, it was different from the Southern South America conception. The behavior of the people was really different. Behavior is “Human behavior can be observed and described and includes all of the things we do — ways we use our bodies, all social
Jimmy Santiago Baca’s poem “Green Chile” describes a personal experience growing up with a staple food of the Southwest tradition. In the 3 stanzas and 45 eloquent lines, Baca uses symbolism through red and green chile peppers. The red chile peppers symbolize strength and progression and are also the peppers the author prefers. On the other hand, the green chilies represent youth, which are Baca’s grandmother's favorite. Both the red and green chilies are differentiated by the flavor and taste to tell a story of Baca and his history of growing up with his grandmother.
As a Cuban writer, Carpentier has an in-depth understanding about the development of the entire Latin American Literature as a result of his experience working in journalism as well as being exiled and prisoned several times in his life. The Kingdom of This World and perhaps many other Carpentier’s works have demonstrated the influence of Western civilization, while Carpentier is aware of its limited effect on real Latin American culture in essence. For example, there is this depiction of a pastoral ball held in Santiago by the Cubans who try to imitate outdated French fashion style. “An air of license, of fantasy, of disorder swept the city. The young Cubans began to copy the fashions of the émigrés…Cuban ladies took lessons in French etiquette and practiced the art of turning out their feet to show off the elegance of their slippers.” On the other h...
Gabriel García Márquez is arguably Latin America’s most well known writer and socialist with Marxist ideals. His short story, Balthazar’s Marvelous Afternoon, is one that well exemplifies a few ideals of Marxism, without enforcing a political agenda, something only the greatest writers can achieve. One concept of Marxism is that capitalism can only thrive on the exploitation of the working class. This leads to economic conflict which creates class tension, this type of disputation is prevalent within Balthazar’s Marvelous Afternoon. To begin, the setting of the story is not clear, it is assumably in a small town since everyone is familiar with one another and the titles and careers of the characters are exposed in the story. One can also assume
...efit themselves without realizing the damaging effects it would have later on. He goes on to say that Argentina’s experience involved a fundamental nature of globalization. Argentina realized how national democracy and full blown globalization do not go hand in hand with one another. When democratic policies become overly involved with financial markets, it becomes almost impossible for that nation to get involved deeply with the world economy.