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Impact of geography and the environment on development in the english colonies
Why britain slowly began to abandon her policy of isolation
Impact of geography and the environment on development in the english colonies
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Much of the modern world would be drastically different without the influence of Britain throughout history. If history were to be rewritten employing Great Britain as anything but great, think of the impact this would have on modern life in the twenty first century; English would most likely not be the most common language, the industrial revolution would have been postponed for possibly centuries and nearly every aspect of history would have been different. How does a country become so successful to the point where without it, the world would be changed forever? This influence would not have been possible if Britain had not been as successful as it was. Although many variables were in play in contributing to this success, none were more influential and important than the fact that Britain was able to use its island status to prosper in naval battle, exploration, and invention.
Britain special geographic location made it necessary for her to adapt to life differently because of the constant presence of naval threats. They have had to learn to use the surrounding water to their advantage and be prepared for imminent threats. The key to the English victory over the Spanish Armada was the superior handling qualities of their ships. (Tincey, 11) The English navy was much more familiar with the patterns of the ocean and how to work with the different conditions. The oceans unpredictable weather acted as a shield from the Spanish Armada, destroying a large portion of the fleet, out of the 160 that started the attack only sixty-five of the shipped that returned could be repaired. (Tincey, 24) The English were masters of the art of sailing in the difficult seas which surrounded the nation giving them a decisive advantage in ship design ...
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...r that separated the two masses of land also succeeded in separating the European influence on Britain, it was able to develop independently from the rest of the continent.
Professor of History Jeremy Black from Exeter University says, "Naval power and imperial possessions enabled Britain to dominate trans-oceanic trade and to profit accordingly." (“Why the Industrial Revolution Happened in Britain”) This quote ultimately sums up the truth of Britain’s success; the need for security of this island nation started a chain reaction that began with its naval power. The Industrial Revolution would not have been possible in Britain without the success of its foreign trade, which would not be possible without the success of the British navy thus coming back to the fact that Britain is an island. The geography of the island was the most contributing factor to its success.
In a similar economic revolution, the colonies outgrew their mercantile relationship with the mother country and developed an expanding capitalist system of their own. England's economic system was primarily based on mercantilism, which was directly related to the colonies. This concept of mercantilism said that wealth is power and however much power you have is how much gold and silver one country has in its treasury. For this concept to take place, England had to export more than import. Because the colonies had the raw materials needed England set up laws such as navigation laws to restrict what the colonies coul...
At first, the French won many decisive battles with the aid of its allies against the British Empire. Both countries, however, were relatively equal in size and power at the time, but that would soon change. The British began to turn the tide as they made significant leadership changes in government and amassed their army, particularly their navy, to counter the Allied forces.3 With the new change of leadership, Britain began to pour more effort and money into this war.... ... middle of paper ... ...
...t of the ships got shipwrecked. The weather was an enemy to the Spanish around 6 times during the whole duration of the battle. So this can go down to luck for the English.
Industrialization is the process of developing machine production of goods. Extensive natural resources such as water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, and harbors were required for industrialization. Britain had not only these resources but in addition it had an expanding economy to support industrialization, a large population of workers, and political stability which gave Britain an advantage. All these things are called the factors of production.
Great Britain had economic interests in the Atlantic colonies since the 16th century. Through many laws, acts and conquests, Britain sought to control and influence the colonies. Britain ultimately failed in this endeavor. Though the British government could divide and allot the land as they pleased, they could not control it effectively. By the end of the French and Indian War, they had lost all of their ability to control the Atlantic colonies.
India was not the only country affected by the annex to the British empire though. This annexation affected Great Britain as well. Although the effects were not as devastating they still caused some change. But overall Britain definitely benefited from the colony of India. They got more raw materials and they also got more land.
The epoch of imperialism cannot be defined simply as proliferation of inflated egos tied to the hardened opinions of nationalists, but also a multi-faceted global rivalry with roots of philosophies tainted with racism and Social Darwinism. The technique of each imperialist was specific to the motivations and desires of each combative, predominantly Western power and subsequently impacted the success of each imperialist and its colonies. Driven by industrialization, Europeans were aware of the urgent need for raw materials and new markets to maintain a constant rate of expansion and wealth. Imperialism became a competition; in general, the European countries led with fervor while the non-Western regions deemed likely to be stepped on. Britain was endowed with geographic and political advantages that allowed the country to become the first to unwittingly stumble onto industrialization. Britain was an island, therefore had developed a unique naval strength which subsequently gave Britain leverage when globalization blossomed from expanding maritime trade. Meanwhile, the rest of Europe, including Belgium, trailed behind. Presently, colonized regions still bear the traits and scars from the subjugators of their past.
Throughout history, the British have been a nation of sailors and businessmen. With the dawn of the imperial era, money began to equal power, and the wealth of the British elevated them to the top of the world. As Sir Walter Raleigh said,
Gunpowder’s effect on the world can be exemplified through the grand changes in weapons. This can be shown through the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 by the English navy. In this sea battle, the Spanish Armada outnumbered the English navy immensely turning the odds against the English. However, the Spanish Armada still used old boarding tactics while the English used advanced weaponry. In the end, “the English used their superior firepower to whittle away the Spanish forces” (Schlager). The English navy's victory over the Spanish Armada illustrates the effects of the invention of gunpowder. With the successful usage of advanced gunpowder based weapons, the English navy crushed the opposition even when the Spanish Armada clearly had the upper hand. The defeat of the Spanish Armada shows that weapons based on gunpowder allowed countries with smaller armies to have a higher chance in winning their fights. The gunpowder weapons proved to be a tactical advant...
The common factor amongst all three instances of British Imperialism was Britain’s greed for economic opportunity. Greed is often caused by unjustifiable pride, which Britain undeniably had. England was so willing to achieve various advancements to its own economy that it created long lasting and devastating destruction in three other regions of the world. These countries still face lingering effects from British greed.
In 1857 the British had invaded the nation of Hindustan (India). Many feel that if it were not for the British Empire, India would still be an under developed country. The British established a government system that before did not exist. It was a three level system including the imperial government located in London, the central government located in Calcutta, and later on provincial governments scattered throughout the regions of what was known as the British Raj1. Alt...
The industrial revolution of 17th and 18th centuries saw the transformation of Britain from a Neolithic nation into an industrious nation. However, this spread quickly throughout the world, introducing the modernisation of agriculture, revolution in power and manufacturing of textile.
One of the darker causes for the Industrial Revolution was the slave trade with overseas colonies at the time. For many merchants who saw the easy money to be made from the voyages, the merchants became extremely rich – and as it is in human nature – these rich merchants wanted to become even more rich, the seemingly best way to do this was to invest profits from the slave trade into the new factories that were arising, this is called “Commercial Revolution”. Britain was one of the few countries that was able to bring in profits from other countries and keep profits in their country, aiding them into being the first country to Revolutionise Industrially.
These expansions began to develop the West through strategic trading routes and ever growing demand ultimately leading to an Industrial Revolution. When you add the technological and economic advantage to the western world that was already a great power, you get the beginnings of a superpower. They had the resources to take advantage of current technology, but they needed new markets to export these goods. This gave them the motivation to expand further in India. Sparking off the invention of machines for mass production in the fields of textile, metallurgy, steam power and agriculture. Providing the British with goods to sell to the ever growing market and the need to explore for raw materials. The increased industry and ever growing trade created larger banks, generating a money economy replacing barter exchange. The domination of the trade was the key to capitalism which was an extreme motivator for many people in the western world as it enabled people with new