Worldview of Research
According to Creswell (2007) in Quality Inquiry & Research Design, everybody sees the world of research from different perspectives. Therefore, the assumption of researchers who choose the qualitative methods approach reflects their own views on the subject matter at hand. Creswell suggest, “When researchers do this, their research becomes shaped by bringing it into the inquiry paradigms, views of the world. Creswell suggest when qualitative researcher views vary according to the beliefs they bring into their research, which represent paradigms” (pg. 19).
Paradigm types include social constructivism, advocacy/participatory, pragmatism, interpretive communities, postmodern perspectives, feminist theories, critical (race) theory, queer theory, and disability theories represents the methods; qualitative and the inductive logic as paradigm views (p.88). In this section, rather than explain all of them, I will concentrate on the worldviews that I expect to influence my own research, pragmatism and interpretive communities.
Researchers (Guba, 1990; Lincoln&Guba, 2000 & Mertens, 1998) note that beliefs/ paradigms represent philosophical dimensions such as epistemologies, axiology, and ontology. Other people’s point of view about the world is the way they define it according to their individual culture, experiences, political views and level of education. In Foundations of mixed methods research integrating qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences, Teddlie and Tashakkori (2009) wrote “these assumptions have been said to be lens that are woven into their identify and beliefs (p.87).
Pragmatism
McCaslin (2008) wrote the first introduction of the pragmatist concept became first ac...
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Taking Two Of The Theoretical Approaches To Social Research Discussed In The Module, Demonstrate The Connections Between Their Ontological, Epistemological And Methodological Assumptions. Which Method Or Methods Would Proponents Of Each Theory Favour As A Result Of Their Assumptions.
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This paper will focus on two BNUR leaner outcomes (University of Calgary, 2013) relevant to my learned understanding of nurses as ethical decision makers. I will outline the ways that I have seen ethics used and not used in practice, what I learned about ethics and its use in my theory courses and throughout my practicums, and I will reflect on how this understanding will translate into my professional practice moving forward.
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In social science, there are several paradigms, each with its own unique ontological and epistemological perspective. Examples of paradigms include positivism which focuses on objectivity, know ability, and deductive logic. Its assumption is that society can and should be studied empirically and scientifically (Ritzer, 2004). Critical paradigm’s main emphasis is on power, inequality, and social change. It is of the assumption that social science can never be truly value-free and should be conducted with the express goal of social change in mind (Calhoun, 2007). Social constructionism paradigm’ s main emphasis is that truth as varying, socially constructed, and ever-changing and is of the assumption that reality is created collectively and that social context and interaction frame our realities (Berger, 1966).
The author could have employed other methods of qualitative research such as, narrative analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis, data display and analysis, content analysis and quantifying qualitative data and computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAPDAS) (Saunders et al., 2016). Nevertheless, these approaches seem cumbersome sometimes and take a long time to complete (Willig, 1999; Braun and Clarke, 2006 and Smith and Bekker,
This assumption of the researcher and the subject working from similar frameworks can be problematic in certain research situations. (Pelto & Pelto, 1970), but the field of anthropology is informant focused. Cognitive anthropology, defined as “the study of how peoples of different cultures acquire information about the world (cultural transmission), how they process that information and reach decisions, and how they act on that information in ways that other members of their culture consider appropriate” (Bernard, 1988, p. 226), takes ethnography to a deeper level. Not only is culture observation happening, but people’s thoughts, behaviors, and the meanings attached to these are also examined (Weller & Romney, 1988). In the discipline, this is known as the emic approach which means that “the people’s definition of meaning, their idea systems, are seen as the most important ‘causes’ or explanations for behavior” (Pelto & Pelto, 1970, p. 62). On the other hand, an etic perspective runs the risk of the researcher imposing their expectations or assumptions on the informants. This research will utilize a combination of the two in order to better assess cultural models and what they mean for future
Glaser, B.G., Strauss, A.L. (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago: Aldine.
Research philosophy, refers to the development of knowledge adopted by the researchers in their research (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). In other words, it is the theory that used to direct the researcher for conducting the procedure of research design, research strategy, questionnaire design and sampling (Malhotra, 2009). It is very important to have a clear understanding of the research philosophy so that we could examine the assumptions about the way we view the world, which are contained in the research philosophy we choose, knowing that whether they are appropriate or not (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009), three major ways of thinking about research philosophy are examined: ontology, epistemology and axiology. Each of them carries significant differences which will have an impact on the way we consider the research procedures. Ontology, “is concerned with nature of reality”, while epistemology “concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study and axiology “studies judgements about value” (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, p110, p112, p116). This study is intent on creating some “facts” from objective evaluations which are made by the subjects. Therefore, epistemology will be chosen for this study as the way of thinking about the research philosophy.