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Financial statements fraud cases
Accounting fraud case studies
Accounting fraud case studies
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Causes The Lack of Internal Control Strategy: As of 1998, WorldCom had been involved in mergers with 60 companies, and there were valued at a little more than $70 billion. WorldCom also merged with MCI Communications Corporation on September 14, 1998, and it was valued at $40 billion (Ashraf, 2011). According to Ashraf (2011), during the 1990s, WorldCom was motivated by the low interest rates and frequently rising stock prices. WorldCom strived to achieve the high-growth strategies that relied on aggressive corporate actions, which involved a creative accounting practices. One of the investigations of WorldCom indicated a lack of strategic planning. The …show more content…
Such a fatal mistake led to very high levels of overhead in proportion to the revenues, and contributed to having a weak internal control environment (Ashraf, 2011). As a result, the company was not able to keep up with integration and efficiency, due to how fast it merged with the new companies, as well as management’s neglect. Due to the lack of internal controls, manual adjustments were made in the system without dictating any red flags, which thereby minimized the chance of detection (Ashraf, …show more content…
It was reported that the directors at WorldCom were from different backgrounds. Some had the knowledge and experience of business and legal issues, while others were appointed because of their connections with Ebbers (Ashraf, 2011). Due to the knowledgeable board of directors and the connections with Ebbers, this led to the Board’s lack of awareness on WorldCom’s issues. The board met only 4 times a year, and they were inactive, for a company growing at the vast rate that it was, this was wrong. Furthermore, the directors were given a small cash fee as compensation, so therefore, an appreciation of stock was the only form of compensation available. The directors, employees and management depended on the company’s growth and stock appreciation for compensation. The board of directors had a large amount of a significant influence on the approval or disapproval of company decisions. As a result of their approvals of the acquisitions, WorldCom’s grew to an increase that led to a higher stock price and a large amount of compensation. Directors then began to depend on this type of large issuances of equity, this did not only conveyed an unhealthy practice, it also created a conflict of interest where the major goal was focus more on the growth of the stock rather than the best interests of the company (Ashraf, 2011). There was another conflict of interest
In the year of 2005, the companies eventually found a way to make it easier for the companies to combine without having any major issues or problems. Unfortunately, around the year of 20010 the merging com...
Which in fact was a great idea, when thinking about the production level of the company. But in all actuality instead of helping the company, it created large amounts of inventory back up and slowed down the speed necessary to accommodate the throughput offered by the automated equipment invested for the company.
William Evan and Edward Freeman, in their essay “A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation,” argue that the objective of a company and its managers is not only to maximize profit for its owners and stockholders, but also to balance the benefits received or losses incurred by other stakeholders—employees, suppliers, customers, and the local community, all of whom may be influenced by company decisions. As the owner of MSO, your aim is ostensibly to maximize profits for yourself, but unlike most other indicted CEOs, you have not tried to obtain personal gains at the expense of the stakeholders of your enterprise. Rather, the charges that have been brought against you are for your dealings with another company; in this day and age where investors bemoan the lack of ethics of CEOs who use the power of their position in the boardroom to achieve selfish gains at the expense of their own company and its stakeholders, the charges of insider t...
Frydman, C., & Saks, R. E. (2010). Executive Compensation: A New View from a Long-Term Perspective, 1936-2005. Review Of Financial Studies, 23(5), 2099-2138.
While Enron was the complicated fraud, WorldCom fraud was the simplest one to commit. WorldCom which is now known as MCI and acquired by Verizon Communication since 2006 was founded in 1983 to create a discount long-distance provider. The company grew very rapidly in the 1990s because of several large acquisitions (Beresford, Katzenbach, & C.B. Rogers, 2003) WorldCom completed 3 mergers in 1998 and one of the merger was the acquisition of MCI Communications Inc for $40 billion, the largest merger at that time. WorldCom also merged with Brooks Fiber Properties Inc for $1.2 billion and CompuServe Corp for $1.3 billion (The rise and fall of WorldCom, 2008). WorldCom announced the merger with Sprint Corp. in 1999 and its shares’ price went up for more than $64 but, the merge was blocked by regulators in both the U.S. and Europe because they concerned that it would create a monopoly in 2002 (The rise and fall of WorldCom,
Scharff, M. (2005). WorldCom: A Failure of Moral and Ethical Values. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship .
Clearly Polycom’s success does not just stem from quality products and services, but also from the employees who are in the trenches every day; creating new products, increasing productivity, maintaining and increasing customer satisfaction, excellent customer service, etc. Foresight, innovation, and strategic planning are a daily routine to keep the company a successful competitor in the market. It is without a doubt that Polycom needs qualified leadership. High caliber leadership/management is vital to successfully run a global enterprise of this statute. Constant re-organization and product structure changes are necessary to adapt to current and future consumer demands. I interviewed one of the leading managers at Polycom to find out what it takes to keep the machine rolling and what the typical duties of a manager entail.
CEO compensation has been a heated debate for many years recently, and it can be argued that they are either overpaid or that there payment is justified by the amount of work they do and their performance. To answer the question about whether CEO compensation is justified it must be looked at by the utilitarian viewpoint where the good of many outweighs the good of one. It is true that many CEO’s are paid an exorbitant amount of money; however, their payment is justified by the amount of money that they bring back to the company and the shareholders. There are many factors that impact the pay that the CEO receives according to Shah et.al CEO compensation relies on more than just the performance of the CEO, there are a number of factors that play a rule in the compensation of the CEO including the fellow people who help govern the corporation (Board of Directors, Audit Committee), the size of the company, and the performance that the CEO accomplishes (2009). In this paper the focus will be on the performace aspect of the CEO.
Lyke, B and Jickling, M. (2002). WorldCom: The Accounting Scandal. CRS Report for Congress, p2.
As a consequence of the separate legal entity and limited liability doctrines within the UK’s unitary based system, company law had to develop responses to the ‘agency costs’ that arose. The central response is directors’ duties; these are owed by the directors to the company and operate as a counterbalance to the vast scope of powers given to the board. The benefit of the unitary board system is reflected in the efficiency gains it brings, however the disadvantage is clear, the directors may act to further their own interests to the detriment of the company. It is evident within executive remuneration that directors are placed in a stark conflict of interest position in that they may disproportionately reward themselves. The counterbalance to this concern is S175 Companies Act 2006 (CA 2006) this acts to prevent certain conflicts arising and punishes directors who find themselves in this position. Furthermore, there are specific provisions within the CA 2006 that empower third parties such as shareholders to influence directors’ remuneration.
Hoopes, C. L. (n.d.). The hewlett-packard and compaq merger: A case study in business communication. (Master's thesis, Brigham Young University).
...g to firms misconduct. The bankruptcy of Enron exposed the matter of lack of independence with the Board and the failure of the independent system in the USA which needed to be reformed; however to maintain such independence can be tricky.
Due to such lack of monitoring, management continued to be unaware of such transactions that continued to impact the company negatively. This provided the Rigas family many opportunities to override controls since the lack of corporate governance enabled the decisions to be made by Rigas family without oversight. For example, the article “Adelphia Officials are Arrested, Charged with ‘Massive’ Fraud” discuses how Timothy Rigas had to limit himself to $1 million a month of compensation that was withdrawn from the company for personal use. All decisions were continuously made by such members of the family, in which case for Adelphia, was the team of management. With the lack of controls creating opportunity, they were free to do what they wished- which is something they took incredible advantage
The late 90’s ushered in a new economy, IPO-funded .com companies. Apparently, investors believed that this new economy was the next big thing. Consequently, this belief, fostered in over-priced stock value. For instance, companies that had never produced any revenue, witnessed their stock trading at enormous value. Therefore, overnight a lot of executives and employees became millionaires (Ljungqvist, & Wilhelm, 2003). Unfortunately, at the time, there was a myth about how successful these companies would be. Moreover, investors were not interested with the bottom lines of these companies. For this reason, a lot of companies took on massive amounts of debts to grow with the new economy. Nevertheless, at the same time, Microsoft was declared
Michael Dell’s vision was for Dell Computer to become one of the top three PC companies.