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Bergson laughter essay
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In Woody Allen’s play, Death Knocks, shows a short story about a dress manufacturer named Nat Ackerman. During one night alone reading before midnight, the man gets a sudden visit by Death, who intends to make a dramatic entrance by entering his bedroom’s window. After the encounter with Death, Nat challenges him to play gin rummy with a condition to gain more time when Nat wins. If not, Nat will willingly leave with Death right away. Despite some hesitations of Death, he finally accepts the contest. At last, game after game, Nat wins. In consequence, he cheats death by winning over the challenge in which he seems confident to succeed. In the play, the subject of death is altered into a humorous comedy. Along with the theories from Munro’s text, the definition of comedy by Bergson, and the method of creating a comic situation from Sigmund …show more content…
The most compelling evidence is that there are various techniques to produce a humorous context by “mimicry, disguise, unmasking, caricature, parody, travesty and so on” (Freud, 751). Nevertheless, under those circumstances, these ways can be used aggressively depending on how it is use but, “[o]ne can make a person comic in order to make him became contemptible to deprive him of his dignity and authority” (Freud, 751). In Allen’s play, it is obvious that the role of Death can be converted as a parody or travesty by putting him in a comic role. As mentioned in Bergson’s, the laughable comes from something usual, this validates the character of Death in the play. At the end of the scene, He leaves without any money on him because he lost the challenge to Nat, which deny his dignity and authority to Nat. In contrast, Nat has won his dignity and authority, therefore it increases his self-esteem, which result superiority compare to Death, whom is so much degraded by Nat from the start until the end of the
In the first instance, death is portrayed as a “bear” (2) that reaches out seasonally. This is then followed by a man whom “ comes and takes all the bright coins from his purse / / to buy me…” This ever-changing persona that encapsulates death brings forth a curiosity about death and its presence in the living world. In the second stanza, “measles-pox” (6) is an illness used to portray death’s existence in a distinctive embodiment. This uncertainty creates the illusion of warmth and welcomenesss and is further demonstrated through the reproduction of death as an eminent figure. Further inspection allows the reader to understand death as a swift encounter. The quick imagery brought forth by words such as “snaps” and “shut” provoke a sense of startle in which the audience may dispel any idea of expectedness in death’s coming. This essential idea of apparent arrival transitions to a slower, foreseeable fate where one can imagine the enduring pain experienced “an iceberg between shoulder blades” (line 8). This shift characterizes the constant adaptation in appearance that death acquires. Moreover, the idea of warmth radiating from death’s presence reemerges with the introduction to a “cottage of darkness” (line 10), which to some may bring about a feeling of pleasantry and comfort. It is important to note that line 10 was the sole occurrence of a rhetorical question that the speaker
Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, literary critic, and editor. Despite of his many talents, Edgar Allan Poe is best acknowledge for his poems and short stories, primarily his tales consist of mystery and deception of death. For instance, in the story “The Masque of the Red Death”, the story involves a plague that is killing the people, in which the Prince and his closest friend want to avoid. In the story “The Cask of Amontillado” is about a perfect murder planed out for revenge, in which he succeeds. In the story “The Tell-tale heart” involves the murder of an old man, in which the killer’s heart makes him say the truth. Many of Edgar Allan Poe stories use irony, by expressing a meaning that is contrary of what is expected throughout the
In William Faulkner’s world, what is often portrayed as morbid can also be taken as tongue-in-cheek by the reader, especially when it comes to his most beloved and troubled clan, the Bundren family. Throughout the novel, the Bundrens are beset by numerous, unfortunate burdens on their journey to bury their nine-day-dead mother, most of which find the reader both wincing and giggling at the same time. I will be using the new critical approach for my paper, which treated literary texts as autonomous and divorced from historical context in order to bring the focus of literary studies back to the analysis of the texts. New Critics also intended to exclude the reader's response, the author's intention, cultural and historical frameworks, and moralistic bias from their analysis. Through New Critical analysis, readers can discern how different themes in the work come together to complete the novel as a whole; in this case, the theme of black comedy plays a large role in controlling the otherwise dark moments in the novel, creating a spectrum of emotion that completes the experience of the reader. By implementing humor into the macabre circumstances of the treatment of Addie’s body, Anse using his wife’s funeral for personal gain, and Dewey Dell’s quest for an abortion, Faulkner uses black comedy in order to lighten the theme of death in his Southern Gothic literature.
On September 28, 1849, Edgar Allan Poe arrived in Baltimore, Maryland to take a train to Philadelphia. What was supposed to be a brief stop over turned into an eternity. What caused the death of "the father of the detective story"? The possible scenarios surrounding the events that lead up to his death are the cause of many magazine articles, books, and even recent medical studies. Although no one really knows what happened to Edgar Alan Poe, there are over twenty different theories about what might have happened to him. I will discuss the four major theories of what Edgar Allan Poe's cause of death was.
People always try to play games to evade death but in the end, death always wins. Edgar Allen Poe, in his short story “The Masque of the Red Death,” uses setting and theme to illustrate that death is inevitable. This story is told during a time when the Red Death plague has taken the lives of many citizens in the country. The kingdom ruler, Prince Prospero, holds a masquerade ball for all his friends that have not yet been affected by the plague. Prince Prospero’s castle is filled with drinks, various rooms, dancers, and masqued friends. One masked friend wore a costume resembling the red death and infected everyone in his presence. The masked man looms around the dark room and finds his victims. The setting of the dark room creates a fearful
In the historical fiction novel, Dead End in Norvelt, the author, Jack Gantos, uses a variety of forms of comedy to exemplify the undertakings of his character, Jack. Jack Gantos is an 11 year old boy living in the run-down town of Norvelt, Pennsylvania who finds himself working with the town’s medical examiner, Miss Volker. Throughout the story Jack and Miss Volker attempt to unravel the mystery of the sudden and abrupt deaths of a number of original Norvelters. Gantos narrates the anecdote in the most uplifting way possible by utilizing irony, dark humor, and the superiority theory in his writing as the story progresses.
Death is an unstoppable event that occurs in every individual’s life, and yet it is a very taboo topic as people rarely broach the subject because it causes incredible distress; it is certainly not a comical topic of conversation and one that is very seldom and rarely congratulated. Yet Oscar Wilde manages to deliver the ever present looming topic of death as if it held the same gravity as a bad hairdo in his comedic play, The Importance of Being Earnest. Instead of expressing support, sorrow and sympathy for the victims of Death and for the relatives, Wilde treats Death in comparison to a result of an impromptu action; no more serious than if a person was to walk into another, due to lack of observation in where they were going; The Importance of
Comedy differs in the mood it approaches and addresses life. It presents situations which deal with common ground of man’s social experience rather than limits of his behaviour – it is not life in the tragic mode, lived at the difficult and perilous limits of the human condition.
As a literal deathbed revelation, William Wilson begins the short story by informing the readers about the end of his own personal struggle by introducing and immediately acknowledging his guilt and inevitable death, directly foreshadowing the protagonist’s eventual downward spiral into vice. The exhortative and confession-like nature of the opening piece stems from the liberal use of the first person pronoun “I”, combined with legal and crime related jargon such as, “ crime”, “guilt”, and “victim” found on page 1. Poe infuses this meticulous word choice into the concretization of abstract ideas where the protagonist’s “virtue dropped bodily as a mantle” (Poe 1), leading him to cloak his “nakedness in triple guilt” (Poe 1). In these two examples, not only are virtue and guilt transformed into physical clothing that can be worn by the narrator, but the reader is also introduced to the protagonist’s propensity to externalize the internal, hinting at the inevitable conclusion and revelation that the second William Wilson is not truly a physical being, but the manifestation of something
In conclusion, a comic relief is used to relieve tension and to contrast serious scenes to increase the ultimate tragic nature of the play. Polonius uses his self absorbed dull personality to create humor in his scenes. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern act as the fool by their tactless actions and dialogue, their lightheartedness makes the tragic parts of the play seem all the more tragic. And finally Hamlet uses his morbid humor to intensify scenes of sorrow while he also bitterly teases others to relieve tensions at times. The comic relief in Shakespeare’s Hamlet contrasts intense scenes as to make them more intense.
In the play Death of a Salesman, author Arthur Miller illustrates the insignificance of a respectable reputation in society and the confining nature of failure through protagonists Willy Loman and Charley. Willy’s self-consciousness and naivety influence him to strive for an excellent image in society to help him succeed. Following this method for success, Willy fails as a salesman because he neglects focusing on the purpose of his job, selling. Furthermore, Willy’s neighbor, Charley, thrives as a businessman because of his confidence and maturity. These valued characteristics help him to realize working hard leads to accomplishments. Charley’s achievements allow him to live contentedly, free from distress, while Willy suffers from trapping himself in a life of unhappiness. Willy’s focus on his reputation results in his failures and discontent, which juxtaposes Charley’s achievements from his hard work; therefore, Charley’s success ultimately illuminates the triviality of a well-formed reputation to succeed, and Willy’s displeasure demonstrates the confinement of failing.
The play is haunted by mortality. Desire and death and loneliness are played off against each
“Death of a Salesman” written by Arthur Miller in 1948 attempts to give the audience an unusual glimpse into the mind of a Willy Loman, a mercurial 60-year-old salesman, who through his endeavor to be “worth something”, finds himself struggling to endure the competitive capitalist world in which he is engulfed. Arthur Miller uses various theatrical techniques to gradually strip the protagonist down one layer at a time, each layer revealing another truth about his distorted past. By doing this, Miller succeeds in finally exposing a reasonable justification for Willy’s current state of mind. These techniques are essential to the play, as it is only through this development that Willy can realistically be driven to motives of suicide.
Poems reveal many inside thoughts of the speaker that can be interpreted by the reader. Death is expressed quite often in poetic work because of the simplicity to be able to express feelings. Suicide, for an example, is a form of death that may be used in poetry and is usually portrayed in a negative fashion. Surprisingly, some poems that involve death have a positive outcome. There are views found in poetry relating to suicide as a form of death that are both positive and negative. Suicide as a negative perspective is a common form of death displayed in poetry. A very good example of death brought upon by suicide is “Richard Cory” by Edwin Arlington Robinson. In the passage, “And he was rich-yes, richer than a king,” Robinson describes the wealth and riches in which he lived. Richard seemed to be a person without problems. Later at the end of the poem in line fifteen the speaker says, “And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, went home and put a bullet through his head.” In one’s opinion, it may appear that money, wealth, and power is not everything. Perhaps Richard Cory was miserable because of the way people gazed at him which describes his suicide. Theoretically, the reader has to try to interpret the poem because of the lack of evidence explaining the reason of Cory’s suicide. This poem is an example of death in a negative perspective. Another poem that explains suicide as a form of death, but in a somewhat positive fashion, is “Résumé” by Dorothy Parker.
The clown contributes towards the humourous entertainment of this play through his numerous puns and jokes. He is a source of laughter, not because we are humoured by his "foolery"; for he proves to be no fool at all; but rather because he amuses us with his brilliant wit. Having mastered the art of jesting, Feste is sensitive of his profession, always aware of the circumstances he is in and the appropriateness of this folly.