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Gender inequality in the workplace
Gender and the workplace in modern society
Gender inequality in the workplace
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Assignment 1 Annotated Bibliography of Work and economic life
Austrin, T. (1990). Work. In D. Pearson, I. Shirley & P. Spoonley (Eds.), New Zealand Society (pp. 227-241). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press.
• Believes unpaid work in the domestic household and the community is as important as work in the public world where they get paid. Should be recognised more and understood that this work is still necessary and needed.
• In NZ, in 1987, 70.2% of all part-time paid employees were women. These jobs are portrayed to be located at the bottom of the occupational ladder and generally segregated from mens work.
• Women are less likely to experience promotions in a career compared to males, instead they are more likely to pass from one job to another. These jobs are seen as less skilled and the women do not usually benefit from sick leave, maternity pay and paid holidays.
Although all families in New Zealand are diverse and different, the roles of both the womens work and the males work should be seen as just as important and equal to ensure there is no segregation between the genders in the work force. Instead, diversity of families in New Zealand should be based on the individuals interests instead of the works income, the labour involved and the ‘importance’ of the job. This is because, although women do not get paid to stay at home and look after the children, it is still just as important and neccesary as every other job.
Fagan, C., McDowell, L., Perrons, D., Ray, K., & Ward, K. (2006). Introduction: work, life and time in the new economy. In C. Fagan., L. McDowell., D. Perrons., K. Ray & K. Ward (Eds.), Gender divisions and working time in the new economy (pp. 1-15). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited...
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...on average work longer hours than males. Women also are the ones who make compromises necessary to fit paid work around the family, and therefore experience stress because of this.
In conclusion the question raised, ‘why is males ‘work’ seen as more important and superior in society compared to that of a womens ‘work’?’ can only be subjected to the differing stereotypes of both genders. Womens work within the household is unrecognised because it’s not something you get paid to be involved in, so therefore society automatically believe that the males work is more important because they are providing for their families, when in fact each are as important as each other. The different working resposibilites of both the male and females, whether it be they are both working or one is raising the children contribute to create the diverse families within New Zealand.
In the workplace environment it is a known fact that women are passed over for higher positions that would allow them to earn higher wages. Author of “Workplace Gender Discrimination and the Implicit Association Test" Jo- Ann Kadola stated, “Women earn 18 % less per hour than men working the same job, with the same title, with the same credentials even when a woman has a higher education.” (Kadola23) This is known as the gender gap, it happens in all occupations whether in management, directors or any high level position. Overall men and women never earn the same pay for the same job. This is known to be a worldwide fact. On every job women are always asked to prove or provide credentials for a job that men are able to obtain without proof. Kadola also stated, “Women have to show skills more often, they are required to take or be more responsible than men.” (Kadola24) Men are generally respected more. Their opinions hold more value. Men tend to have more freedom in making decisions. When it comes to merit raises they will receive a higher percentage based on the fact that they are men. When women enter the workplace it is a perceived notion that she will get married and start a family. Therefore a working mother is looked down upon based on the fact she is no staying home caring
...hen these women have outside jobs they are still mainly responsible for childcare and care of the home, the male of the household has not taken on more tasks. This does not level the playing field between genders and causes more stress for the female in the family. In fact, while the male is not providing anymore assistance around the home, some of the childcare is being outsourced.
Women throughout history have been considered to have an active role in the family life as the caretakers, while the men are considered the “breadwinners” of the family. However, a few women still have had to provide for their families throughout the years and as a result have sought employment in industries that “were highly segregated by sex” (Goldin 87). Women employm...
When women are actually given the same jobs as men, they may be paid the same but typically, they are not able to reach the higher positions in the company that men do. Even with their 77 cents to a man’s dollar, “women still tend to bear a larger responsibility for child care and other household matters within families” (Mazorelle). Women are not given the opportunity to earn as much as men, and they still have to take on a majority of the responsibilities of the household.... ... middle of paper ... ...
In Letha Scanzoni’s book Men, Women, and Change: A Sociology of Marriage and Family she observes that a wife’s duty was “to please her husband...to train the children so that they would reflect credit on her husband”(205). Alongside the wife’s duties Scanzoni provides the husband’s duty to “provide economic resources”(207).These expectations have long been changed, since then these have become common courtesies. Today, we see less and less of the providing father, homemaking wife and respectable children family structure. We are now seeing what sociologists call the senior-partner/junior-partner structure. Women and mothers are now opting for the choice to work and provide more economic resources for the family. This has changed those expected duties of both men and women in a family scene. A working mother more or less abandons the role of homemaker, to become a “breadwinning” mother, and the father stays his course with his work and provide for the family. Suzanne M. Bianchi in her book Changing Rhythms of American Family Life comments on the effect of mothers working and the time they spend in the home. “Mothers are working more and including their children in their leisure time” (Chapter 10), now that ...
The typical occupations you expect women to be in are like nursing and social work. Women tend to do jobs more that have something to do with the nurture sense that they better handle than men do. Not to say that there aren’t women who are CEO’s and other high positions in the different field that men tend to be leaders in. Men tend to make more than women because men are supposed to be the breadwinners in the family. The reason for that is because men tend not to have as much as issues that women do. Women usually tend to family issues over work ones. They also have more reason to take time to heal because they tend to have more female issues that bother them. For example women get maternity leave when they are about to have a baby. They miss about 5 months of work. They take so much time that men who start at the same time as them have a high chance of actually promoting in positions and meeting new people. Men just get more experience out of job than women do. Then again there are a lot of cases where the women even with less experience still have high wages than certain men. The most common case is that if you put two people at the same job just the different genders. Then man tends to make more than the women does. This big gap is because men are just considered to be more of people that are reliant in the ideal case and also men are the people you want working for you
Gender is based on cultural beliefs that classify on what job positions should be held based on biological sex. Therefore, gender inequality affects people in the workforce because of the gender wage gap in institutions. For example, jobs are sex segregated based on gender roles and status. The gender wage gap is based on the differences of income between women and this causes for males and women to earn different wages because society classifies men to be superior to women, Even if they have the same positions, males are looked as authority. Men are favored because of the concept of being dominant. Ridgeway says “Not only the existing sex composition of the job, but also the stereotypical gendered nature of the work or the status
The first thing that factors in is that women are more likely to work in lower paying jobs including: retail trade, leisure and hospitality. There are not very many women who work in the three jobs with the highest wages: information services, mining and logging, and utilities (“Gender Pay Gap: Recent Trends”). According to the Council of Economic Advisors, “women are also slightly less likely than men to have access to paid leave and, perhaps as a result, are slightly more likely to take leave without pay.” Discrimination is another factor. Women may be influenced which job to choose base on discrimination, and it can cause women to leave their position (“Gender Pay Gap: Recent Trends”). According to the Council of Economic Advisors, there are less women who are receiving science and math degrees even though, in 2013, women earned 57 percent of all bachelor’s degree, 35 percent of which were in science, technology, engineering, and math fields. The level of education does not help the wage gap either, no matter what level of education women have there is still a pay gap (Dishman). The Council of Economic Advisors also says that “in general, women, even highly-educated women, are less likely to negotiate their first job offer than men. But even when women do negotiate, if the norms of negotiation and salary expectations are not transparent, they are likely to receive less than men.” A survey from
Sociological study on the gendered division of labour within the domestic sphere has perennially been characterised by evidence of a clear inequality concerning the allocation of unpaid chores within the home between men and women (Warren, 2003:734). While men have traditionally been regarded as primary breadwinners, the management of home-maintenance has remained largely women’s responsibility (Breen & Cooke, 2005:47). A number of theories exist to explain this unequal distribution of domestic labour, in particular the economic exchange model (which argues that women perform domestic duties in ‘exchange’ for financial support from their husbands), and the gender display model, which asserts that household labour is divided on the basis of the symbolic importance of gender (Baxter, 2002:401). While this paper will argue the inherent features of both models, it will also discuss the importance of gender stereotypes in maintaining the unequal distribution of household labour, despite women’s increasing involvement in the workforce. The paper will also demonstrate that the issue of a gendered division of labour holds great significance for sociological study, particularly surrounding issues of power, dominance and authority in the gender regime.
Gender roles are bad and target women very badly. Women are taught that they are suppose to have a specific job based on their gender and because of this they suffer a
The first reason for gender inequality is income disparities. The reason for income disparities is because men are getting more median wage than women. Women are often paid less for the same thing as men only because they are women. So the realization had once been deliberately chosen less high paying careers than men. Some of these jobs would be secretarial, clerical to explain why men in a particular company would make more money than a women in the same company. That may have been true once, but no longer that way in today’s economy. Now that more women are holding mid-level management jobs the career choices by men are ambitions to women’s pay disparities.
Some women would prefer to be barefoot and pregnant housewives that spend their days cooking and cleaning while their husband goes to work. However, other women embrace their right to pursue educational and occupational dreams. Unfortunately, because it has not been all that long ago that women were not considered to be qualified for a spot in most work places, they experience a lot of discrimination in the workplace. Because gender roles are almost deeply embedded in our society, women often do not get put up for the same job opportunities and promotions that their male equal might be subject
It is, therefore, natural for most companies to think that women cannot be as capable as men in terms of assuming strenuous or challenging positions because women, by default, become less participatory and more vulnerable when they start to have family and children. Apparently, this situation has led to various gender discriminations in the labor market. In conclusion, although the roles of men and women have radically changed over the turn of the century, it is still inevitable to have various gender-related occupational differences because the social and biological roles of women and men do not really change. Society still perceives women as the home makers and men as the earners, and this perception alone defines the differing roles of men and women in the labor market.
However, women have made optimistical progress towards equality and their role in the society has been changed dramatically since the last century. Many women stepped out of their home and start to work at factories and offices. The number of working women with children has more than doubled in the past 50 years. While working conditions for women may have improved, there is a lack of appreciation for the notion that work for most women doesn't end at the door of a factory or office. Despite an increase of women's participation in the labour force, women's share of housework has hardly changed in 50 years.
The roles women typically play in the family may not always be consistent with success in the occupational arena. Staying home to care for a sick child may conflict with an important meeting (Broman 1991:511). Sometimes there has to be a change of plans when it comes to the family. Most people believe that family comes first no matter what. Men 's engagement in paid work fulfills prescriptions of hegemonic masculinity by facilitating their ability to gain status in the public sphere. A man can judge his worth by the size of a paycheck (Thebaud 2010:335). Most research shows that women are more likely to be effected by the household and men are more likely to be effected by their job. Some people feel that the goal is to reach higher on the occupational