“Women in the 1848-1849 Hungarian Revolution” is written by Robert Nemes. The thesis of this article is: Six weeks after the outbreak of revolution in Hungary, a remarkable document appeared in a patriotic Hungarian language newspaper, Pesti Divatlvap. Entitled “Demands of the Radical Hungarian Women,” this twenty-four petition boldly asserted women’s right to take part in public life and underlined their importance to the revolutionary cause.
The author uses these main points to support his thesis. As said in the thesis, Nemes goes on to explain the demands of the Hungarian women, the twenty four demands are listed and explained in a very detailed way in the second half of the article. Also, the article explains how the twenty four points were indispensable for a positive result in women’s interests all around the world.
Another point that the author, Robert Nemes, uses to support his thesis is the education situation in Germany. One of the most important issues for women was education; women were not allowed in Universities. Nemes claims that the discussions about this topic resulted in the need for a teacher-training institute for women. Nemes introduces Andras Fay and tells us that he was an advocate for education for women but that he “sought to keep women out of the expanding public sphere”. This tells us that even people that supported women were skeptical about letting them take control of their own lives, which puts Hungarians in a very difficult situation.
“German Women and the Revolution of 1848” is written by Stanley Zucker. The thesis of this article is: Women’s role in Germany, the Humania association with Kathinka Zitz as the leader was not publically an advocate to women being more than just housewives. But Zitz i...
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...n and what they did for German women. Another weakness is that the German article fails to provide with facts supported by real life resources. Overall, these two articles made their point, and the authors had strong arguments. These two articles don’t have many weaknesses.
In conclusion, these two articles were very well written and can help the reader understand about the women revolutions of 1848. Women were very tired of being categorized as useless people. Eventually, they rose up and wrote demands in Hungary, and in Germany, Zitz’s leadership led the women to a better place than they were before. Essentially, these articles explain the situation in each country as Nemes and Zucker demonstrate how women got their place by exposing their thoughts and researching facts of history. All in all, these articles contribute to an understanding of the 1848 Revolutions.
The next text analyzed for this study is the first monograph read for the study, therefore, there is a lot of information that had not been previously discussed by the latter authors: Claudia Koonz 's 1987 text Mothers in the Fatherland. The author begins her text with a Preface where she discusses her interview with Gertrude Scholtz-Klink, the leader of the Women 's Labor Service. While this is not the first time in the study that Scholtz-Klink 's name appears, but Koonz 's discussion of the interview personifies Scholtz-Klink, rather than just make her a two-dimensional character in historical research. For the first time in this study, the reader can understand the reasoning some people (right or wrong) sided with the Nazi Party. The interview
From 1750 to 1914, the role of women in Western Europe and Eastern Asia gradually changed as a result of industrialization, political revolutions, and European imperialism. The role of women in these two regions were parallel in that the women faced similar hardships in the labor force and women displayed political power by taking part in rebellions and fighting for civil rights. Yet, the women of Eastern Asia had greater access to education and made up an immense portion of the work force
The rise of nationalist movements and the modern nation-state has affected women’s political and economic participation and social freedoms. Based on the following documents, there were many opportunities and barriers that nationalist movements posed concerning women's rights in the twentieth century. Many women saw the opportunities of the movements accessible to women, but other women focused on the barriers and didn’t feel that the opportunities were accessible.
2. The leading topic of the book is the history of the convention, which took place in 1848 and its further impact. First, the author starts from an introductory chapter, which describes in details the sufferings of women of that time. It is the first example supporting the diversity of topics touched by the author. For example, the McMillen mentions that the majority of women did not have any right to vote, receive the same amount of payment for the work they did equally with men, or hold property. All these issues have a relation to economic and political aspects, which penetrated the society of that time. In addition, throughout the book, the author mentions class divisions and discrimination based on race. All these discussions represent the book’s intention to touch on political, socia...
A Reversal of Fortunes? Women, work and change in East Germany. Rachel Alsop. Berghahn Books. 2000
During the nineteenth century, Chopin’s era, women were not allowed to vote, attend school or even hold some jobs. A woman’s role was to get married, have children
INTRODUCTION Wendy Lower in Hitler’s Furies interrelates the adventures of 13 women who travelled to East Germany in search of jobs, fortune, romance, and even power. These young women (mostly secretaries, wives, teachers and nurses) saw the “wild east” as an exciting opportunity to acquire what most women in Germany dreamed about which were career advancement, marriage and valuable possessions. Hitler’s Furies attacks the claim that women in Germany were largely innocent and hardly participated in Nazi party’s devilry by using examples of seemingly “ordinary” German women who committed heinous crimes under the guise of patriotism. Their crimes were as low as being indignant bystanders to as high as been the perpetrators who were only too
“Compare and contrast women’s suffrage movements of the late nineteenth and early centuries with the European feminist movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s.”
Throughout history, women have struggled with, and fought against oppression. They have been held back and weighed down by the sexist ideas of a male dominated society which has controlled cultural, economic and political ideas and structure. During the mid-1800’s to early 1900’s women became more vocal and rebuked sexism and the role that had been defined for them. Fighting with the powerful written word, women sought a voice, equality amongst men and an identity outside of their family. In many literary writings, especially by women, during the mid-1800’s to early 1900’s, we see symbols of oppression and the search for gender equality in society. Writing based on their own experiences, had it not been for the works of Susan Glaspell, Kate Chopin, and similar feminist authors of their time, we may not have seen a reform movement to improve gender roles in a culture in which women had been overshadowed by men.
The Impact of Nazi Policies on the Position and Role of Women in Germany, 1933-39
With the spread of the Nazi’s “national community” or Volksgemeinschaft ideology in the 1930s, came strict definitions from the Nazi party of what it meant to be German. Opposing the independent “new women” promoted in the 1920s by the Weimar Republic, the Nazi’s idea of womanhood was centered around creating a strong nation by pushing women to be mothers and maintain the household. In this way, those mothers could raise strong soldiers that could serve and protect Nazi Germany. While in contrast, Elsa Herrmann description of a “new woman” in a 1929 book, describes a woman focused on the present and actions such as entering the workforce. Most importantly, and the main reason the Nazis rejected the image of the “new woman,” is that the “new
During the time period in which the Weimar Republic controlled Germany from 1919 to 1933 there is a fundamental change in how women participated in their community in both political and in private matters. This fundamental shift in the behavior of women garnered individuals who lived during this era the title of the “New Woman” of the Weimar Republic. In order for women to earn a title like this that defined a specific generation would imply that there was an emphasis on women who implemented drastic changes in the values, appearance, privileges, and actions they partook in while living during this time period. These changes would go on to inspire other women causing a cycle that would leave the current generation in a vastly different place
Women had no choice but to follow whatever society told them to because there was no other option for them. Change was very hard for these women due to unexpected demands required from them. They held back every time change came their way, they had to put up with their oppressors because they didn’t have a mind of their own. Both authors described how their society affected them during this historical period.
She states, “This is the first time that German women may speak as free and equal members in the parliament. Another new idea brought up about that time was that the Weimar Republic was only a democracy in theory, not in reality. In an editorial from the Communist International, the author explains, “The Weimar regime is really the bloody class terror of the bourgeoisie under the mask of democracy. Industrialists are striving for the class dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.”
The role of women has changed significantly throughout history, driven by women who took risks in setting examples for others to follow. Henrik Isben, author of A Doll's House, said “ A woman cannot be herself in society of the present day, which is an exclusively masculine society, with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view” (Innes 147). This proves that Isben was aware of male dominance in society during that time period. In his drama, “A Doll's House,” it deals with gender favoritism and male dominance.