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Women's role in ancient societies
Women's role in ancient societies
Women's role in ancient societies
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Witchcraft is the art or power of bringing magical or preternatural power to bear or the act or practice of attempting to do so. People who practice witchcraft are known as witches. Witchcraft along with other supernatural phenomena has become a big part of pop culture. Movies, television shows, and books such as the Harry Potter franchise, Charmed, The Wizard of Oz, and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch all contain witches. Witches have moved from something that was so feared that they prompted the infamous witch-hunts, to a source of entertainment and a popular Halloween costume. The belief in the practice of magic has been around for a long time. Witchcraft is an alternative belief system and although witches are no longer being burned at the stake, there is still a huge prejudice against witches. This paper will be an investigation into the exceptional witches of the past and present, important historical events and practices of witchcraft.
The word witch is derived from the old English noun wicca which means sorcerer and the verb wiccian which means to cast a spell. Claims of witchcraft have existed in all societies at one point in time. There have also been many different beliefs on what witches are and how they look. Witches throughout history have been pegged as unnatural or hideous creatures with hooked noses or talon like fingers. It was a wide spread belief that witches compelled spirits to carry out their demands. However many believed that they could not compel angels as they were under God’s protection, thus the spirits they did compel were evil demons. This was a huge reason witches were so feared. If these witches compelled evils demons which were controlled by Satan than they must be evil themselves was the general co...
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...2nd ed. Vol. 14. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 9768-776. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 May 2014.
"Witchcraft." Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 14. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 9768. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 May 2014.
"Witchcraft." The Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained. Ed. Brad Steiger and Sherry Hanson Steiger. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 91-99. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 May 2014.
"Witchcraft." Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. 171-73. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 May 2014.
"Witchcraft Trials." The Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained. Ed. Brad Steiger and Sherry Hanson Steiger. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 99-108. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 4 May 2014.
The book begins with a brief history of the colonial witchcraft. Each Chapter is structured with an orientation, presentation of evidence, and her conclusion. A good example of her structure is in chapter two on the demographics of witchcraft; here she summarizes the importance of age and marital status in witchcraft accusations. Following this she provides a good transition into chapter three in the final sentence of chapter two, “A closer look of the material conditions and behavior of acc...
Woodward, Walter “New England’s other Witch-hunt: The Hartford Witch-hunt of the 1660s and Changing Patterns in Witchcraft Prosecution” OAH Magazine of History, 2003. 8. Cavendish, Richard. The. “A History of Magic” New York, 1977 pg 69-79 9.
Edward, Bever, 'Witchcraft Prosecutions and the Decline of Magic', Journal of Interdisciplinary History vol.11 no.2 (Autumn 2009)
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. “Wicca.” The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft & Wicca. 3rd ed. 2012. Print.
The term witchcraft is defines as the practice of magic intended to influence nature. It is believed that only people associated with the devil can perform such acts. The Salem Witch Trials was much more than just America’s history, it’s also part of the history of women. The story of witchcraft is first and foremost the story of women. Especially in its western life, Karlsen (1989) noted that “witchcraft challenges us with ideas about women, with fears about women, with the place of women in society and with women themselves”. Witchcraft also confronts us too with violence against women. Even through some men were executed as witches during the witch hunts, the numbers were far less then women. Witches were generally thought to be women and most of those who were accused and executed for being witches were women. Why were women there so many women accused of witchcraft compared to men? Were woman accused of witchcraft because men thought it was a way to control these women? It all happened in 1692, in an era where women were expected to behave a certain way, and women were punished if they threatened what was considered the right way of life. The emphasis of this paper is the explanation of Salem proceedings in view of the role and the position of women in Colonial America.
Witchcraft is said to be the most widespread cultural phenomenon in existence today and throughout history. Even those who shun the ideas of witchcraft cannot discount the similarities in stories from all corners of the globe. Witchcraft and its ideas have spread across racial, religious, and language barriers from Asia to Africa to America. Primitive people from different areas in the world have shockingly similar accounts of witchcraft occurrences. In most cases the strange parallels cannot be explained and one is only left to assume that the tales hold some truth. Anthropologists say that many common elements about witchcraft are shared by different cultures in the world. Among these common elements are the physical characteristics and the activities of supposed witches. I will go on to highlight some of the witch characteristic parallels found in printed accounts from different parts of the world and their comparisons to some famous fairytales.
Witchcraft has been in practice for centuries upon centuries, having been traced back to the beginning of mankind, where it was seen as a religious practice that instilled magical rights upon the user (Witchcraft). Prehistoric art exemplifies this, with inscriptions detailing magical rites that were used to ensure that their hunting was successful (Wiccan One’s Universe). Witches were commonplace all over the world with different stigmas and stereotypes attached to them from each respectful culture that contained them. The belief in magic predated Christianity, Judaism, and recorded history, and over time magic became mainly associated with one group - Witches (Erzulie). This could have been due to the fading out of many other ancient religions as well as the growing popularity that Witchcraft gained from incorporating man...
What do you think when someone calls someone a witch? What comes to mind? Do you think of the movie, ‘Hocus Pocus’ or do you think of the black pointed hats and the long black, slit ended dresses? What about witchcraft? Does the term “Devil worshiper” ever cross your mind? Do you think of potions and spells? For many, many generations, we have underestimated what the true meaning of a witch and what witchcraft really is. What is the history that hides behind it? Witches and witchcraft have been in our history since the ancient times. There is a little bit more than the ghost stories told on Halloween, the movies shown on TV and dressing up on Halloween.
Sidky, H. Witchcraft, lycanthropy, drugs, and disease: an anthropological study of the European witch-hunts. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 1997.
In England, witchcraft persecutions started much later than anywhere in Europe and only fully emerged until after Queen Elizabeth left the crown (University of Sydney). The power of witchcraft was part of their belief system so much that “Formal accusations against witches – who were usually poor, elderly women – reached a peak in the late 16th century, particularly in south-east England” (“Witchcraft.”)
Everyone has the free will to make their own choices as the supernatural does not instigate the choices of people. The prophecy which Macbeth followed, “Macbeth
“The ‘Adamic’ myth and the ‘eschatological vision’ of history”, is the anthropological myth (“fall” narrative) of Paul Ricouer’s Myths of evil in Biblical Perspective. In its purity, this myth clearly exonerates God of all complicity in evil, God
In the late 17th century, religious leaders began to believe that the everyday person is not focusing on religion. More people are worrying about commerce or how they look, instead of wearing a plain black coat wearing a scarlet or gold jacket, even wearing wigs over “god given hair”. This infuriated religious leaders and when troubles erupted in the community they attempted to blame these issues on the common person focusing on worldly possessions. But these claims never settled but religious leaders turned to a new explanation that Satan was at work in the colonies in the form of witchcraft. These claims of witch craft fell on mainly unruly, eccentric, poor women. There was a rise of in claims of witch craft due to social, economic, and political
Belief in witchcraft is the traditional way of explaining the ultimate cause of evil, misfortune or death.” The African worldview is holistic. In this perception, things do not just happen. What happens, either good or bad, is traced back to human action, including “ancestors who can intervene by blessing or cursing the living.” Witches, on the other hand, harm because they want to destroy life.
Ukpabio, Helen. "Helen Ukpabio’s "UNVEILING THE MYSTERIES OF WITCHCRAFT"" International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organization - IHEYO. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. .