5. UNIVERSITY-Government-industry partnership Overall energy policy problems in Indonesia could be categorized as “wicked problems” (Rittel, H.W.J. and M.M. Webber, 1973), the term used to address social planning problems that were open-ended, contradictory, and often difficult to recognize. Tackling wicked problem in public policy requires holistic, innovative and flexible approaches, ability to work across organization boundaries, and engaging stakeholders who may have different perceptions about the problems (Australian Public Service Commission, 2007). Wicked problems go beyond the capacity of any one organization to understand and respond to, and disagreement often arise on the root causes and the best way to tackle them. Hence, collaborative …show more content…
Program Evaluation As government navigating through many initiatives in such short period of time, in each program independently and interconnected with other energy programs, an unbiased program evaluation is urgently required to measure the results. By way of evaluation, government and the corresponding program managers will be able to answer calls for public accountability and stakeholders. Ideally, program evaluation should be planned periodically and covers multiple year of program activities. However, looking at the speed of changes in energy sector and its criticality, program evaluation is crucial to monitor and propose improvement in short period of time while considering the long term energy scenario. Rittel, H.W.J. and M.M. Webber (1973) also stated that every solution to a wicked problem is a "one-shot operation”, because there is no opportunity to learn by trial-and-error. Every attempt counts significantly, many people's lives will be irreversibly influenced and large amounts of money will be spent in implementing the solution. Subsequently, every attempt to reverse a decision or to correct the undesired consequences poses another set of wicked problems, which are in turn subject to the same dilemmas. Evaluation methodology such as participatory action research (Whyte, 1991) would be beneficial in immediately impacting the actors, program or policies while evaluating them at the same
In this world today, energy has never been at its finest. Energy resources are used to heat our homes, power our electronics, and save peoples life. Many people are unaware on where some of our energy comes from and the process it undergoes. In 2009, Cenovus Energy became a Canadian oil based company that produces “energy resources the world needs” (Cenovus Energy, n.d.). This company has and continues to heavily make a strong impact on Canada’s oil sands resources and have “conventional oil and natural gas productions” located in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Cenovus Energy, n.d.). With innovating technology, people, and machinery Cenovus Energy has manage to create a strong reputation. With a leadership team of diverse academic backgrounds
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
Spirituals: African American spirituals are a key contribution to the creation of the initial genre of jazz. African Americans used spirituals during the earliest turmoil of slavery. These spirituals were used as songs to sing during labor and an initial way of communication for the Underground Railroad. These African American folk sounds mixed with gospel hymns were sun fused with instruments such as the harmonicas, banjos, and other instruments that could primarily be found. This initial form of the music started to separate itself from the gospel rendition. This mixture of different styles of music fused and gave birth to such things as minstrel shows, ragtime, and other forms of music. The most important that spirituals truly helped develop, was Jazz. Spirituals were the first true form of Negro expression in the form of music. Marshall W. Steams, Professor of English Literature at Hunter College states that “The spiritual was created out of nowhere by a sort of spontaneous combustion of Negro’s genius” (125). This mixture of hymns and instrumental instruction took form into one of the most versatile genres known to date, Jazz.
While I was reading the novel Beloved, I noticed several testimonies throughout the book, one of them being equality. The novel tells a tragic story about slavery and it is often pointed out that the color of one’s skin determines how he or she will be treated throughout life. The slaves in the book are in constant battle to survive among the white men; however, survival is not always the best things for the slaves.
Conclusions and Recommendations The results for this initiative illustrate the power to change societal practices through the collaboration of individuals and organizations that hold the same advocacies.
Our current society is not capable of turning into one similar to Gilead. Gilead is an unstable time period, for what was known to be the United States of America. There are several reasons why our society today cannot be one like Gilead. The people of Gilead do many acts that violate the Bill of Rights, which our society respects highly. The United States Constitution is also violated in the novel, The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood.
The theme death has always played a crucial role in literature. Death surrounds us and our everyday life, something that we must adapt and accept. Whether it's on television or newspaper, you'll probably hear about the death of an individual or even a group. Most people have their own ideas and attitude towards it, but many consider this to be a tragic event due to many reasons. For those who suffered greatly from despair, living their life miserably and hopelessly, it could actually be a relief to them. Death affects not only you, but also those around you, while some people may stay unaffected depending on how they perceive it.
In the essay, The Baby Boom and the Age of the Subdivision, author Kenneth Jackson tells about the changes in the nation after World War II ended, and there was a spike in baby births. He talks about the creation of the Levittown suburbs to accommodate families in need of housing because of this. While the new rise of suburbs created a new kind of community and family, it also proved to have a changing effect on inner city areas and certain people.
...based energy system at the expenses of energy resources. The complex geopolitics required Indonesia maintaining a relative stable international relationships with its allies by long-term energy supply. Through multilateral cooperation, Indonesia can easily upgrading its energy industry by setting up hydro plants and thermal plants instead of its coal plants. Importing equipment and hiring skillful experts from advanced country contributes to Indonesia auto research and management innovation in energy sector. An improvement in energy producing efficiency can great alleviate energy poverty and cut carbon dioxide emissions and to some extent better management in energy consumption.
Action research proceeds through a process of planning, action and reflection upon action. This can be thought of as an action-reflection ‘cycle’.
The most significant feature of an investigative study is the precision and simplicity of the investigative problem. For a brief assertion, it definitely has a great deal of influence on the study. The statement of the problem is the central position of the study. The problem statement should affirm what will be studied, whether the study will be completed by means of experimental or non-experimental analysis, and what the reason and function of the results will bring. As an element of the opening, profound problem declarations satisfies the query of why the study should to be performed. The reason of this essay is to discuss the features of an investigative problem; in addition, the essay will center on what constitutes a researchable problem; the components of a well formed Statement of Research Problem; and, what constitutes a reasonable theoretical framework for the need of a study.
The world that we live into today affords us the expectation that the flip a switch will turn the lights on. As populations increase and developing nations undergo dramatic economic growth, this energy demand will only continue to grow. The International Energy Agency (IEA) believes that “the world’s energy needs could be 50% higher in 2030 than they are today” (ElBaradei). Given this projected growth, it is necessary for world leaders must take action to secure the energy supply. Meaning that world leaders need to start seriously considering an alternative to non-renewable energy sources. “In 2012, the United States generated about 4,054 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. About 68% of the electricity generated was from fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, and petroleum), with 37% attributed from coal” (U.S. Energy Information Administration). The fossil fuels that are used to supply over half of our country’s energy are in finite supply and are increasing in price to astronomical heights.
Practitioners who engage in action research inevitably find it to be an empowering experience. Action research has this positive effect for many reasons. Obviously, the most important is that action research is always relevant to the participants. Relevance is guaranteed because the focus of each research project is determined by the researchers, who are also the primary consumers of the findings.
middle of paper ... ... g the Energy Revolution." Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec 2010: 111. SIRS Issues Researcher.
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