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Broadly discuss the history of agriculture
Broadly discuss the history of agriculture
An article on history of agriculture
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Have you ever wonder who, where, when and how farming was in the medieval times? Farming is a process of making food and raising animals to make money. Farming in medieval times was different than present day farming. There were two levels of people who did farming, peasant and lords or priest. Peasants were farmers who don’t have a lot of freedom like marry or sell. Lords or priest had freedom. These are the months they did farming. January & February was the time to work indoors repairing hunting nets, sharpening the tools, making utensils, but on mild days, they work outdoors gather firewood, prune vines and mend fences. March, they did work in the fields, plowing and cultivating. In April, they would clean ditches, pruning trees, fixing
sheds, hauling timber, and repairing roofs. May was time for sheep cleaning and shearing, planting and field maintenance. June, you’re mowing hay and raking it into piles. July, you’re harvesting grains, bundling sheaves, weeding gardens. August, you’re threshing and winnowing of grains, grinding grains into flour. September, you had fruits picked and dried or stored, grapes picked and pressed for juice and wine. October was gather nuts, roots, berries, and mushrooms. Fields plowed and empty fields sown with winter wheat, repairing and cleaning equipment. November, you’re are getting firewood gathered, split, and stacked for themselves and the lord, pigs and cows slaughtered and meat smoked, flax and hemp processed to make thread and rope. December, you are trimming trees, grape vines pruned, and hunting. In medieval times, you had no machines. You used animals to help you grow crops and give you food. You also used tools to help animals and do crops. One tool was a plough.A plough is like a plow but pulled by cows or horses.It was used to plow the ground and was hook to cattle. Another was a scythe.A scythe is a stick with a blade. It cut wheat. Medieval times were different than present day, but farming does not have a lot of differents. Without farming, people would become weak. Farming is important right now just like in Medieval times.
Farming is the main supply for a country back then. The crops that farmers produce basically was the only food supply. That makes famers a very important part of society. Farmers back t...
Farmers were once known for being able to do everything themselves. They grew their own food and sewed their own clothes. People often yearn for the old days and complain about so many people living in cities. Many farmers had to give up their farms and move to the cities, because of something that happened in the late nineteenth century.
The person in charge of the peasant he "owned" was known as a lord. A lord and peasant were very courteous towards one another because of the fact that a lord, no matter what, could not evict a peasant and also a peasant was unable to decline work (Gilberts para. 1). A peasant would work three days a week on his lord's land. Peasants proved to be very precious to their "landowner because of the work" they were capable of achieving.
The farmers were accustomed to a daily routine. Their activities revolved around farming. The farmers used traditional methods that were created by their ancestors. Many of the traditions of small villages were abandoned and they were introduced to new things. This helped the villages to become more advanced. Abandoning traditions allowed the small villages also become familiar to new technology. New features were introduced to Britain, such as the cultivation of turnips and potatoes. Two of the contributors to agriculture were Jethro Tull and Lord Towenshend. Those men made the importance of root crops important to agriculture. In addition to the innovations helping villages, they could also hurt them. These changes were very complex for the farmers. Learning new techniques could be confusing and could also destroy their crops, which would definitely hurt the farmers.
An important farming technique, field rotation, was vital to a farmer’s success. One field was planted in the autumn with winter wheat or rye, another field was planted in the spring with oats, barley, or vegetables, and finally the third field was left to fallow or remain unplanted (Gascoigne). This technique kept the fields fertile and in good shape for planting. The lord needed his “cut” of the profits in order the sustain the feudal structure, the lord obtained this through his serfs. Serfs had to take care of the manor, for example they repaired the roads and buildings within their respective villages (Cels 8). More importantly, serfs paid many fees, taxes, and fines, to fund the lord (Cels 8). Like tallage, an annual payment (Cels 22). They also had to pay “wood-penny” if they used wood from the lord’s own forest (Bennett 99). Serfs were forced to give away their best poultry and livestock and a cut of their crops (Bennett 99). Fifteen to thirty peasant families supported only one lord in medieval times (Gascoigne). A lord could accumulate wealth very easily through the food, rent, fees, and fines they collected from their peasants (Cels
The Lords started to realized that the had less control over workers and began to change what they produce. The peasants had to grow and harvest grain, so the lords began to raise sheep. Raising sheep requires less workers and the sheep attracted more customers for the meat and for woolen clothing. As the peasants income rose , people were able to buy more veggies and fruits. Some peasants moved from the estates and bought their own land.
Farming or agriculture was a major improvement over foraging. One noticeable difference in this time period was humans began using more complex tools to do more advanced techniques of farming. They also began domesticating plants and animals, this was one of the leading factors of the beginning of agriculture. This was a huge turning point for humans everywhere. People could now live together in communities, villages, cities, etc. This was very different than the traditional way of a nomadic lifestyle. Farming also allowed the population to grow extremely, birth rates sky rocketed. Food, because of farming, could now be produced with less time and effort. Civilization with farming can provide a more assured source of constant food. With communities and people together, people are grouped together they can learn collectively and also have more protection against other predators. Perhaps the most significant reason farming is a major improvement over foraging is that specialization could occur. Specialization is when an individual or a group focuses on one craft that will better help their communities. One example of this is being a shoemaker. Having a wide variety of skills is crucial to a community.(hunter…shelters 6),(Reilly 17)
The use of tools, animals, and farming processes made the productivity of a farm in the Middle Ages grow. Peasants in the Middle Ages, also known as serfs, could plant and harvest more crops in an easier fashion. The use of tools made the serf’s life more productive because they were designed to make the motions that the serfs did more natural. The serfs used animals because they were stronger and they could work longer than a human. Some of the processes that the serfs in the Middle Ages used are still used today, including crop rotation and fertilization. Technology used in Medieval Times made the farms generate more crops with less vigorous work.
Life was very difficult during the Middle Ages. During this time, people were dictated by wealth, power, and status in the European era. Most people were unable to read or write, and as people moved to rural areas, learning became less important. Peasants, including serfs and villains spent most of their days working and living in the village, and were unable to leave their land without the lords permission. Manor house and castles were made with
Life in a medieval town was relatively easy, compared to living in a village. However there were many downsides to living in a medieval town, including hygiene, finding work, taxes, curfews and disease.
In medieval society, the farmer was one who worked the land, raised crops and livestock, and a common role among serfs. A serf would most likely assume the role of a farmer, who was bound to a manor and had to provide plenty of agricultural labor so he could supply agricultural resources and services for the vassal. Over 80% of the medieval population were serfs who lived in the countryside and most spent their lives raising crops and livestock as farmers (History Alive!, Macdonald 18). They were legally bound to a manor and lived outside of it. (Bishop 230, 232) Farmers owed their loyalty to a vassal and had to provide labor and a portion of their produce and livestock. In return, they would get protection and their own strip of land to cultivate (Nardo 25, Bishop
Farming is important for various reasons like food, jobs, and it helps our environment. Do you know about farming? Farming is a very difficult task. It takes a lot of time and work that keeps you busy from sunup to sundown. But most importantly it assists with food, jobs, the environment and many more.
In Europe, agriculture went through a few significant chances during the Middle Ages. Tools including the plow and scythe were improved from classical versions, a three field system of crop rotation was invented, and the moldboard plow and wheeled plow become increasingly needed. Also, draft horses and oxen were bred and used as a working animal in many parts of Europe. At the time, much of Europe had low population densities, which made extensive farming beneficial. In other parts of the world, agriculture differed a bit.
Different states go through different types of political and economical systems through a life time. In this case, most of the agricultural society was largely supported by the feudal system social hierarchy. Karl Marx defined feudalism as the power of the ruling class based on the control of “arable land”, this in turn affected class society based on the exploitation of the peasants who farm these lands (Beitscher and Hunt, 2014). In the feudal system, most of the rights and privileges were given to the upper classes. In this hierarchical structure, the kings occupied the highest position, followed by barons, bishops, knights and peasants (History-world.org, 2014).Feudalism is considered to be the “medieval” form of government (Beitscher and Hunt, 2014). Before capitalism came around as an economic model most states were a feudalistic country. These systems had an affect on society due to the fact it impacts citizens by “controlling” how they live and interact. The peasants were required to work for the nobles in return for land. This hierarchy was fuelled by the religious assumptions of the time that stated kings, dukes and other nobles served by the will of God over everyone else lower down the social order (Beitscher and Hunt, 2014). As industrialism provided a much more technical understanding of the world, it challenged these religious assumptions for the social
As the population of Earth continues to increase, more food production is needed than ever. It is ridiculous for people to think that no one wants to be farmers anymore. They may also believe that farming is an “old style” of living. This idea may have occurred because the human population is over-reliant on technologies in today’s world. In reality, farmers are still incredibly relevant and people should not belittle the role they play. Farming should not be considered outdated because there are people in this world that want to be part of it. It is their desired lifestyle and choice that no one should label as “backward” or “savage.” No one should generalize the whole global population by understating that no one wants to spend his or her lifetime farming.