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Bernie madoff case study
Summary of madoff investmet scandal
Theories behind white collar crime
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“Money, the pure motivation and reasoning behinds the acts of committing white collar crimes” (Coenen). Tracy Coenen states that white-collar crimes are always financially motivated and the motivation for the person or persons committing the crime is almost always the end goal of a big payout. The Federal Bureau of Investigation official website places insurance fraud, identity theft, health care fraud, counterfeiting, bank fraud, and ponzi schemes as the most frequent and dangerous on its list of white-collar crimes. Day by day white-collar crimes become more sophisticated than imaginable and are starting to occur on a regular basis all over the world. Although white-collar crimes are nonviolent, it’s now become just as dangerous where even a …show more content…
Long term prison sentences are usually associated with the worst crimes such as rape and murder, however now things are changing and a first time nonviolent offender can be put behind bars serving life sentences. If a committed white-collar crime is very wrong, the culprit can easily expect to receive life or a long period of time in prison. Notable examples of this are Jeffrey Skilling, 55, who was the CEO of Enron, he was convicted on counts of fraud and insider trading and received 24 years in jail. The biggest example though would have to be Bernie Madoff, 71, he was sentenced to 150 years in prison after he admitted to scamming thousands of investors out of billions of dollars in a Ponzi Scheme that made headlines. Walter Pavlo of Forbes exclaims "The public hardly batted an eye at those prison terms due to the harm done, billions of dollars lost, and to so many thousands of people over long periods of time" (Pavlo). White-collar crimes cause a lot of damage and the culprits committing the crimes just going to jail and rotting behind bars isn't good enough for a lot of the people who
1. Reiman explains that the idea that white collar crime is taken less seriously is because it protects the elite classes. For example, if the public believes they should fear the poor more than the rich, the rich can commit more crimes and go unnoticed because the population is focused on the poor Reiman explains that that the way crime is explained does not exactly fit what we think crime is. He explains that the notion that white-collar crime being harmless is based on the idea that white collar crimes do not end in injury or death is false because more people’s lives are put at risk than “lower class” crimes. Reinman thinks it is necessary to re- educate the public on white-collar crimes for economic
In criminology there are numerous theories as to the causes of different types of crime. These theories are extremely important in the continuous debate of the ways in which crime should be managed and prevented. Many theories have surfaced over the years. These theories continue to be explored individually and in combination, as criminologists search for the best solutions in ultimately reducing types and levels of crime. These theories include rational choice theory, social learning theory, and biology amongst many others. In this case study strain theory will be used to describe the reasons behind the white collar crimes of Charles Ponzi.
Richman, D. (2013). Federal White Collar Sentencing in the United States: A Work In Progress.
When it comes to crimes some criminals tend to serve longer or short sentencing due to what kind of crime was committed. Also, it depends on how the person acts and what type of judge the criminal come across. However; when it comes to criminals like drug dealers and pedophiles ( sex offenders) their sentencing are different and very absurd. In the state of South Carolina, drug dealer should not serve long sentences than Pedophiles (sex offenders)? Due to the numerous crimes like the pedophiles tends to get off easily with two years in jail, house arrest and register on the sex offender list. While the dealers sit in the cell for over 10 years with no parole or probation. In the state of South Carolina they need to fix the charges due to legalization
White collar crime is a term created by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 that refers to crimes committed by people of higher social status, companies, and the government according to the book “White-Collar Crime in a Nutshell” by Ellen Podgor and Jerold Israel. White collar crimes are usually non-violent crimes committed in order to have a financial-gain (Podgor and Israel 3). A very well known white collar crime that has even been taught in many history classes is the Watergate scandal. This is a white collar crime that was committed by government authorities. Watergate was a crime that shocked the nation.
Summary: White-collar crime and those that commit it have very little attention. In Choosing White-Collar Crime, Neal Shover and Andy Hochstetler (2006) discuss the participation in white-collar crime is chosen. Shover and Hochstetler use rational-choice theory to explain the decisions made by white-collar criminals. The authors look at a few areas of white-collar crime: the lure, the predisposed and tempted, self-restraint, oversight, and the threat and choice.
Prisons hold offenders with more serious crimes who receive a longer sentence; approximately 72% of inmates are held in prison for 5 years.
White-collar crime is the financially motivated illegal acts that are committed by the middle and upper class through their legitimate business or government activities. This form of crime was first coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” (Linden, 2016). Crime has often been associated with the lower class due to economic reasons. However, Sutherland stressed that the Criminal Justice System needed to acknowledge illegal business activity as crime due to the repercussions they caused and the damage they can cause to society (Linden, 2016). Crime was prevalently thought to only be
E.). There are various costs of white-collar crime, although an accurate measurement is not easy, they are hard to asses as well as very complex. There are enormous financial losses, sometimes physical damage as a result of negligence, as well as social costs: weakened trust in a free economy, confidence loss in political organizations, and destruction of public morality. “White collar crime could also set an example of disobedience for the general public, with citizens who rarely see white-collar offenders prosecuted and sent to prison becoming cynical about the criminal justice system” (Conklin, J. E.). White-collar crime is undeniably a crime and often encompasses elaborate
Why does white collar and corporate crime tend to go undetected, or if detected not prosecuted? White collar and corporate crimes are crimes that many people do not associate with criminal activity. Yet the cost to the country due to corporate and white collar crime far exceeds that of “street” crime and benefit fraud. White collar and corporate crimes refer to crimes that take place within a business or institution and include everything from tax fraud to health and safety breaches. Corporate crime is extremely difficult to detect for many reasons.
White collar crimes do not garner as much media attention as that of violent crimes (Trahan, Marquart, & Mullings 2005). This is an odd fact because white collar crimes cost society much more than violent crimes do (Messner & Rosenfeld 2007). While there are many different definitions for white collar crime, Schoepfer and Piquero describe it as a nonphysical crime that is used to either obtain goods or to prevent goods from being taken (2006). People who commit these crimes are looking for personal or some sort of organizational gain and are being pressured to be economically successful from the idea of the American dream. The authors suggest that there are two types of people who commit crimes, those who have an immense desire for control and those who fear losing all they have worked hard for (Schopfer & Piquero 2006). Both groups have different reasons for turning to crime, but both groups commit the crime to benefit themselves. It was found that higher levels of high school drop outs were directly correlated to levels of embezzlement in white collar crime (2006). Because they are drop outs, they are less likely to be successful legitimately and turn to crime more often than their graduate
Lastly, on chapter seventeen, James William Coleman has shown what interaction theorists might ask. Coleman gives the impression of white collar crime as a common act because white collar crime is ‘brought by the coincidence of three necessary factors’. In order to become a white collar criminal, that individual would need to understand the value of other white collar criminal. One individual must be motivated by watching other white collars being successful; the criminal action may be excused as a requirement duty in businesses; and white collar crime seems prosperous in financial wise. Therefore, according to Coleman, white collar crimes are increasing because of those individuals are in motivation to gain respect, but in unethical method. This is one of the methods that few corporations are experienced
This case illustrated that there were real consequences to white collar crime. In addition to paying the fifty million dollar fine, he relinquished another fifty million dollars of his illegal trading profits. (He still had millions remaining, however, from his illegal gains.) His actual prison sentence was three years, yet he served only twenty-two months in the federal prison at Lompoc, California, which was known to have a “country-club” atmosphere.
White-collar crime is a non-violet crime that is presented by some person, customarily for financial benefit. The average administrative criminal is an office worker, business chairman, or authorities.
White-collar crimes and organizational structure are related because white collar-crimes thrive in organizations that have weak structures. According to Price and Norris (2009), the elites who commit white collar-crimes usually exploit weaknesses in organizational structure and formulate rules and regulations that favor their crimes. Makansi (2010) examines case studies to prove that white-collar crime is dependent on organizational structure. For example, the financial crisis that Merchant Energy Business faced in 2001-2002 occurred due to the liberal Financial Accounting Board, which failed to provide a standard model of valuing natural gas and fuel. Moreover, a financial crisis that rocked the securitization market in 2008 was due to fraudulence in the pricing of securitization products. These examples ...