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Harper Lee to kill a mockingbird as a racist novel
The use of symbolism to kill a mockingbird
To kill a mockingbird harper lee racism
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In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Tom Robinson is accused of rape, while Boo Radley is a recluse who spends his time alone. Two other characters, Miss Maudie and Atticus Finch both instruct Scout not “to kill a mockingbird” (Lee 90). Readers may think that the metaphor represents brave people, because Tom, who is described as a mockingbird, is brave enough to claim that Mayella jumps him and courageous enough to try to escape prison. However, then many characters could be seen as mockingbirds, and the number of them would not make mockingbirds special. By understanding why mockingbirds represent certain characters, readers can see why each person acts the way they do. In Harper Lee’s novel, mockingbirds represents people who are …show more content…
innocent and yet still fall victim to the prejudice of others, shown by Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Tom Robinson is innocent because he helps Mayella with her daily tasks, yet he is punished by the guilty accusation that he has raped Mayella and eventually, death.
Before Mayella accuses Tom of rape, he would help her with a “little somethin’” because he knew that the children and Mr. Ewell “didn’t… help her none” (191). Innocence is described as not having any evil intents or motives. Tom’s actions are not evil, because he observed that Mayella does not have any assistance, and decided to take some of his time to help her. In addition, one who is evil would try to take advantage of the other, but Tom simply continued to help Mayella, and he did not change his actions. Therefore, Tom Robinson only does good and thus, innocent. Despite only helping others, Tom is charged with a unanimous vote that he has raped Mayella. “[S]eventeen bullet holes” ultimately kills him. (220). Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on past experiences; it is a biased opinion. As the jury judges Tom, they do not look at him. Their actions connote that they are ashamed. Therefore, they are making an opinion that they feel embarrassed about, but do so because they are biased against blacks. Secondly, seventeen shots is an excessive number of gunshots, so the guards are displaying the power imbalance between the two. Ergo, the guards do not think of Tom as who he is, rather that he is a black prisoner. Thus, Tom has fallen victim to the prejudice of
others. Boo is symbolized as a mockingbird by Scout when she realizes all the nice things Boo has done for the Finches, showing it is immoral for the town to penalize him with crude rumours, when all he has done is help the children. Despite Boo being shy and staying in his house all the time, he still tries to aid the Finch family. When he gives gifts to the children, he realizes they are “delighted, puzzled, [and] apprehensive”, so he continues to give them presents. He also mends Jem’s pants and saves Jem and Scout’s lives (229). Mockingbirds are gentle characters who only do good for the world. Boo does not hurt them; he tries to befriend them with gifts. Secondly, by fixing Jem’s pants, Boo is showing to the children that he is not an enemy, but rather a friend. Finally, Boo does not have to save the childrens’ lives, but he does so anyway. He cares so immensely about the children, that he is willing to die for them. In these three examples, Boo does not have any evil feelings towards the children, and thus innocent. However, the town think Boo Radley is a “malevolent phantom” with “hands [that] were bloodstained”. They also believe that he tries to kill them with “pizened [pecans]” (8, 23). Not only do the children believe that Boo is a passive demon, but they believe that he actually sought out to kill them. The children have not met Boo, so there is no actual experience the children can base these rumours on. Furthermore, the children are only introduced to these rumours from town gossipers, such as Miss Maudie. Hence, she too is prejudiced against the Radleys.
o begin, it’s amiss to be vile towards the innocent. Tom robinson had just been convicted guilty of rape, mainly due to his skin tone, since there was good evidence proving his innocence, and questionable evidence saying otherwise. In chapter 22, Lee writes, “It was Jem’s turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears. . . . ‘It ain’t right, Atticus,’ said Jem. ‘No son, it’s not right.’” (Lee 284). This quote is saying how it was wrong to convict Tom, guilty of rape. Events like these can ruin innocence, just like it did to the children opening the door to adultery, exposing them to all the racism and prejudice in the world. The children learn that Maycomb is not as great as they had thought, many people are racist and make prejudice
In To Kill a Mockingbird, by author Harper Lee, several of the characters in the book share a similar character trait. Atticus Finch, Mrs. Dubose and Boo Radley all show courage throughout the book in their own individual ways. In different events, all three characters were faced with a challenge that they could either turn away from and accept or try to defeat. In Lee’s novel, a few of the main events that occur in the book include Atticus Finch defending a black man, Mrs. Dubose is challenged with overcoming an addiction, and Boo Radley must brave the outdoors to save the Radley children. Throughout the book, the characters change and one begins to understand what life in the small town of Maycomb is like, as the Finch family and friends grow and mature throughout the events happening while encountering social prejudice, courage, and the mockingbirds of life.
Sometimes, people discriminate one thing, but strongly oppose the discrimination of another thing. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, this issue is very much expressed throughout the story. This thought-provoking story takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during a time when there’s a rape trial against a falsely accused African American named Tom Robinson. There is also a discrimination, of sorts, towards a man named Boo Radley, by three young children named Jeremy “Jem” Finch, Jean Louise “Scout” Finch, and Charles “Dill” Baker Harris. Both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are similar in their own ways through their inherent goodness.
One of the storylines in the novel is the Robinson-Ewell trial. Tom Robinson is an innocent African-American, accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a lower-class white girl. At the trial hearing, everyone is able to tell his or her side of the story before Tom is allowed to speak. All stories, however, offer two different versions of Tom and Mayella’s relationship. Moreover, Mayella and Bob Ewell tell the jury what they expect to hear, about Tom being a monster. They explain that there was no reason for his actions against Mayella. According to them, along with the rest of Maycomb, it's just expected that a black man would rape any white woman if he had the opportunity. The Tom spoken of by the Ewells shows the stereotypes that justify whites to be superior to blacks. However, Tom tells the jury about his innocence. He pr...
In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses characterisation to convey how people are misjudged by others in society. The character of Dolphus Raymond is thought to be a drunk with confused morals. Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley does not get a chance to express his personality, but as the novel progresses Boo’s personality evolves. Tom Robinson’s character in the novel is misjudged by underlying prejudices in society. Through the technique of characterisation the reader is lead to see how society misconceives others.
Mockingbirds symbolically represent innocent, defenceless individuals, who bring nothing but joy to the world. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Arthur Radley, Tom Robinson and Dolphus Raymond are all symbols of the mockingbird. Many people in Maycomb see these people as mean and cruel but in reality they “don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy.”
Walt Whitman’s 1859 poem “Out of the Cradle Rocking Endlessly” depicts the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence that chants or sings of fond memories from the past. By contrast, Harper Lee’s famous novel To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960, written almost a century after Whitman’s poem, portrays the mockingbird as innocent but as a fragile creature with horrific memories – memories of discrimination, isolation, and violence. Harper Lee wrote her novel, which is rooted in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, in the Deep South, during a time of segregation and discrimination, social issues which can be seen not only in the novel but were witnessed by Harper Lee in her own life. While Lee does insert bits and pieces of her own life into the novel, this fictional story is told by the character Jean Louise Finch, better known as “Scout.” She tells a horrific yet heroic story about a time in the 1930’s from a childhood perspective. The title of Lee’s book is not at first as apparent as it would seem. In fact, the only literal reference to the mockingbird appears only once in the novel. The reader, then, must probe deeply into the characters and events of the book to uncover the significance of the mockingbird. After seeing the treatment and the unyielding courage of Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and Atticus Finch, the reader can easily identify these three as mockingbirds.
To Kill A Mockingbird is a heroic tale of leadership and courage during racial times. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus, To, Jem and Scout are unfortunately exposed to a really racist and prejudiced society and town. Which ends up causing them to lose a case and really confuse Jem and Scout when they are young. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird, it uses characterization to help show a theme of loss of innocence when people are exposed to surprising and unfair situations.
This quote encompasses the idea that even though Tom Robinson was proved to be an innocent man by Atticus, he was still considered a “bad guy” due to the color of his skin. Back in the 1930’s, caucasian people were always viewed as the more valued race. Despite if a colored person convicted a crime or not, it was always going to be a caucasian’s word over a colored person. This was why Mayella had an advantage over innocent Tom Robinson. Also due to the fact of Tom Robinson being colored, when he was proven guilty by the jury and hauled to the jail, the guards shot him for trying to escape. When Atticus found this out, he disappointedly said, “Seventeen bullets in him. They didn’t have to shoot him that much” (Lee 238) . This strongly withheld the idea that if a white man were to get placed in jail, they most likely would not get shot seventeen times, despite their crime. But when Tom Robinson went to escape for something he didn’t do, he paid the price of death. Even though many people may be innocent, just as the mockingbird, it tends not to be viewed by all, which creates a great conflict that
Tom Robinson is at the stand being questioned by Mr. Gilmer. Dill starts to feel sick because of how Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom. The narrator explains, “Well, Dill,after all he is just a negro” (Lee 266).This piece of evidence shows that prejudice is used as an antagonist in the novel by giving an unfair trial to Tom Robinson. The quote states “he is just a negro,” which shows that the trial is unfair just because of the towns racial views on people of color. The jury is all white and the case is black versus white. The jury is very biased towards the case. The prosecuting lawyers and defending lawyer are giving their closing statements. Atticus ends with a powerful speech that prove Tom is innocent and his views on race. The jury thinks over all the evidence for a long time and come to a verdict. The author of To Kill A Mockingbird quotes, “Guilty...Guilty...Guilty...Guilty…” (Lee 282). This quote shows the jury is very prejudice. There is more than enough evidence to prove Tom did not rape Mayella and that Bob Ewell beat her. Even though there is enough evidence to proves Tom’s innocence the jury’s verdict is guilty just because of their hate and their prejudice towards African Americans. Ultimately, prejudice is being used as an antagonist is very thoroughly shown throughout the entirety of the
Tom was very confused when he was accused of this incident because he had never been anything more to Mayella Ewell than an acquaintance. “The older you grow the more of it you’ll see. The one place where a man ought to get a square deal is in a courtroom, be he any color of the rainbow, but people have a way of carrying their resentments right into a jury box”(Lee 220). This is how Atticus described the trial to his son Jem because he could not comprehend how unjust the trial was unfolding on a daily basis. The proceedings were not equitable towards Tom Robinson because everyone should have realized at the trial that he had not done anything wrong. In the end, Atticus lost the trial. Not because the jury and judge thought Tom Robinson had committed the crime, but simply because he was black and they were racist. Tom was sent to jail for doing absolutely nothing wrong, except being black. He never had the luxury to grow into old age, as his life was taken from him when he was shot seventeen times during his attempt to escape from jail. Tom Robinson’s life would have been completely different if he had not been black. The discrimination would not have occurred and the accusations would not have been leveled or
“Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” (p.90) Miss. Maudie, one of the main protagonists in To Kill a Mockingbird, warns the young girl Scout that mockingbirds should not to be killed or hunted down because they represent those who are kind and innocent. So, on a broader spectrum, the term “to kill a mockingbird” symbolizes cruel and improper behavior towards people with good hearts and intentions. In the town of Maycomb, unethical behaviors, such as prejudice and gossip, are most commonly used against the “mockingbirds”. Three of those “mockingbirds” that are featured in this novel are Arthur “Boo” Radley, Tom Robinson, and Atticus Finch. Due to the depiction of the mockingbird symbol in the novel, the reader understands the consequences that immoral attitudes have towards those who are innocent and kindhearted.
In this world, everyone has an equal right; however, many people are getting falsely accused of acts they did not commit even though they are innocent. Mockingbirds, one of the most innocent birds, sing their heart out for people to enjoy, however, they getting killed every day. In this novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, there are many racial prejudices going on. Finches stand near the top of the social hierarchy, with Cunningham and Ewells underneath. Black community in Maycomb is even below the Ewells, even if they were a hard worker; they were not treated equally. The “mockingbirds” represents the idea of innocence, so killing a mockingbird is to destroy innocence. Throughout the book, many characters are considered a mockingbird. Three examples are Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Those three characters are innocent; they are kind and were never harmful to others. However, they were destroyed through contact of evil. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, the mockingbirds symbolizes the idea of innocence, and Tom, Boo, and Mr. Raymond are considered one of it.
The two characters, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley appear to be most like mockingbirds because of their innocence. When Harper Lee wrote about Tom Robinson’s parts of the story it showed us somewhat it was like to be black in a time with lots of racism. The unfairness in life dependent on your skin color was conveyed well through Tom’s experiences. Also when Harper Lee showed and told about Boo Radley she conveyed the theme of walking in another's shoes. Boo had some mental issues and did not act the same as most. He could not help himself with certain actions and others were unable to understand that. Also Tom showed readers
The main symbols discussed and portrayed in the book were Tim Johnson, the Mockingbirds and Boo Radley. Tim Johnson was a neighbourhood dog who appeared down the Finch’s street one day, but looked very ill and was rabid. Calpurnia the black maid working at the Finch’s rang Atticus and he shot it. Tim Johnson could symbolize the prejudice and mob mentality of Maycomb at the time and because Atticus shot Tim this represents Atticus’s morals beliefs about stopping racism and creating equality. The Mockingbird used in the title of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ is the most important symbol depicted in this novel. One day Atticus told Jem that he’d rather Jem shoot at tin cans, but he knew Jem would go after birds. He gave Jem permission to shoot all the blue jays he felt like, but it was a sin to kill a mockingbird. Jem then went to Miss Maudie to ask about what Atticus had just said, "Your father’s right," she said. "Mockingbirds don’t do one thing except make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corn cribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.” This conveys the loss of innocence in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ and thus killing a Mockingbird is to destroy innocence. A number of characters (Jem, Tom Robinson, Dill, Boo Radley, Mr. Raymond) can be identified as Mockingbirds who have been injured or destroyed through their contact with evil. As the novel progresses, the children’s perspective towards Boo Radley matures and this replicates the development of the children. Boo Radley was once an intelligent child, only to be ruined by his cruel father is one of the most important mockingbirds as his innocence was destroyed. Luckily for Jem and Scout, Boo was merely a source of childhood superstition often leaving presents for them. Despite the pain that Boo