What is Alzheimer's Disease?

927 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Understand the process of dementia

What is Alzheimer's Disease? Alzheimer's Disease is an existential form of Dementia. Alzheimer's is a gradually crippling disease that affects an individual’s mental and physical capabilities over time. The disease develops predominantly within aged individuals. It is unknown as to what factors contribute to the etiology, or cause, of Alzheimer's Disease. In order to better understand Alzheimer's Disease, medical research and theories have helped shed a light as to how Alzheimer's occurs. By understanding what events lead to the cause of the disease, a specific treatment can then be developed that can hopefully stop or even reverse this debilitating disease that affects the elderly.

Alzheimer's Disease is the result of what occurs when nerve cells in the brain begin to deteriorate and die. A neuron's primary role in the brain is to communicate with other neurons, transmitting information to different regions of the brain and body. Neuron cells are also responsible for creating memories, both short-term and long-term memories. The hippocampus, which is a small area in the brain that holds a key role in the formation of memories (Mandal). As provided by Dr. Ananya Mandal, the association between the hippocampus and Alzheimer's Disease is that the neurons located in the hippocampus are suggested to be the first cells to be damaged in the way of the disease (Mandal). It is unknown at what point in time that neuron cells begin to degenerate. Nevertheless, when neurons do deteriorate within the brain, the occurrence of plaque and tangles - abnormal proteins - begin to appear as a result of a weakening in the connection between neurons. According to information gathered by Richard Mayeux, a Professor of Neurology at Columbia University ...

... middle of paper ...

... the progression of Alzheimer's Disease.

Works Cited

Alzheimer's Association. (2014). 2014 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Retrieved
March 23,2014, from http://www.alz.org/downloads/Facts_Figures_2013.pdf
Alzheimer's Disease International. (ADI). (n.d.). Research. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from http://www.alz.co.uk/adi-research Berger, P. (Alz. Weekly). (2013, December 4). Alzheimer's & Dementia Weekly: 7 Stages of
Alzheimer's. [Web blog post]. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.alzheimersweekly.com/2013/01/7-stages-of-alzheimers.html Mandal, A. (n.d.). Hippocampus - What is the Hippocampus? Retrieved March 10, 2014, from http://www.news-medical.net/health/Hippocampus-What-is-the-Hippocampus.aspx
Mayeux, R. (2007, March). Alzheimer’s Disease — The Dana Guide. Retrieved
March 25, 2014, from http://www.dana.org/Publications/GuideDetails.aspx?id=49989

Show More
Related

  • alzheimers

    679 Words  | 2 Pages

    Stem cells are a type of unspecialized cells that can revive themselves through the process of cell division (Abdel-Salam and Oma, 2011). They have a phenomenal potential to differentiate into other specific cell types in a living organism. These cells can also be activated to turn into organ-specific cells or tissues with defined activity but only under specific experimental set-up. Stem cells have the ability to remain as they are or divide further to renew deteriorated and damaged tissue cells. Recently it has been discovered that stem cells can be used to treat Alzheimer’s disease but still a lot of clinical trials are being conducted to find a specific government approved treatment. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. The very first stages of Alzheimer’ include symptoms like confusion and using the right words while talking. As it gets on to later stages symptoms like loss of memory and mood swings start to appear (Begley et al., 2001). Any sort of stem cell treatment is not available to Alzheimer’s patients yet as researchers are still conducting new experiments. There are multiple neurons that get damaged by Alzheimer’s which makes the problem even more complex and different approach needs to be followed every time a clinical trial is conducted.

    Read More

  • Alzheimer Case Study

    1431 Words  | 3 Pages

    Alzheimer is a dementia type of disease named after Dr. Alois alzheimer that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills,and eventually , the ability to do simple things, or recognize their family. The first case occurred in the 1906 when a woman died on a unusual mental illness. After she died Dr.Alois examined her brain , amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary. Alzheimer’s is in older people the most common cause of dementia. Dementia is a loss of remembering ,thinking and reasoning skills, that intervenes with your daily life and activities. It is very common in people over sixty years of age. People younger than sixty years can also

    Read More

  • Alzheimer´s Disease: An in Depth Look at Signs, Symptoms, and Disgnosis

    657 Words  | 2 Pages

    Nerve cell death and tissue throughout the brain is the most significant affect over time. Naturally by age twenty-five the brain starts to decrease in size. With Alzheimer’s, the amount decrease is extremely significant. The cortex begins to shrivel up which is the part of the brain required for planning, remembering, and thinking. The most noticeable shrinkage occurs in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is responsible for the formation of new memories, it is also located inside the cortex. Upon further inspection under microscope, tissue samples are observed and synapses and nerve cell count is severely decreased. Tangles, are also found which our twisted strands of another protein due to nerve cells dying and bunching together. Plaques and tangles are prime suspects in the death and tissue loss in the Alzheimer’s brain. Beta-amyloid is a chemical and is sticky which causes it to gradually build up into plaques. This chemical derives from a larger protein found in the nerve cells with fatty membranes. These tangles destroy a vital cell transport system made of proteins.

    Read More

  • Alzheimers Disease

    1255 Words  | 3 Pages

    Alzheimer’s disease, named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, is a disease that is on the rise in America and the rest of the world. People should learn as much as they want about this disease, because as you age, your chances of becoming an Alzheimer’s Disease, or AD, patient increases. It is estimated that approximately 3 percent of Americans between the ages of 65 and 74 have the illness, and more than half of all people over age 85 have the ailment.

    Read More

  • Alzheimer's Disease

    2171 Words  | 5 Pages

    Alzheimer’s disease or AD is an incurable disorder of the brain that results in loss of normal brain structure and function. In an AD brain, normal brain tissue is slowly replaced by structures called plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein called beta amyloid and in an Alzheimer’s brain, sufferer’s tend to accumulate too much of this protein. Neurofibrillary tangles represent collapsed tau proteins which, in a normal brain along with microtubules, form a skeleton that maintains the shape of the nerve cells. In Alzheimer’s disease, the tau proteins break loose from their normal location and form tangles. Without the support of these molecules, nerve cells collapse and die. As normal brain structure is lost with progression of the disease, brain function also degenerates. Patients afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease display a gradual mental decline. Initially, and most apparently, there is a loss of short-term memory. Eventually, as a patient progresses to later stages of the disease, the brain becomes so damaged that patients can no longer communicate or recognize immediate family or even themselves. They have difficulty walking and standing and frequently fall. In the final stages, they lose bladder and bowel control and have difficulty with swallowing, frequently leaving them malnourished and dehydrated. Eventually, they are forced to remain bedridden and, without the help of life-prolonging measures provided in a hospital, die. However, this level of deterioration is severe and may take as long as twenty years. Because of the disease’s slow progress and its usual later start in a person’s life, a victim of AD will usually die first of natural causes. Under the objectives ...

    Read More

  • Alzheimer's Disease Essay

    655 Words  | 2 Pages

    There are three different abnormalities that can make up Alzheimer’s disease. The first abnormality is beta-amyloid peptide cut from APP, a membrane precursor protein (Marieb and Hoehn 2013). Too much beta-amyloid is toxic and causes plaque buildup between neurons that reduces levels of acetylcholine which makes is difficult to retrieve old memories and make new ones (Marieb and Hoehn 2013). Another abnormality of Alzheimer’s disease is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles inside the neuron. These tangles consist of tau, a protein that leaves its stabilizing role and binds to another tau molecule forming a neurofibrillary tangle. (Marieb and Hoehn 2013). Neurofibrillary tangles then kill the neuron. The final abnormality of Alzheimer’s disease is brain shrinkage. The brain shrink...

    Read More

  • Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease

    859 Words  | 2 Pages

    “I had no idea that someone that young could even get Alzheimer’s. The speed and aggressiveness with which it attacked was something I really didn’t have any context for… My image of it was like, You forgot stuff. But that is really the tip of the iceberg. You forget how to walk and move and talk.” - Seth Rogen

    Read More

  • Alzheimers Disease

    1177 Words  | 3 Pages

    Alzheimer’s disease comes from the last name of a neuro-psychiatrist from Germany, Alois Alzheimer. The disease was first diagnosed when a woman in her early fifties began experience memory problems. “Alzheimer recounted the now famous case of ‘Auguste D.’ a 51-year-old housewife who had been failing mentally for several years. As a result she had been admitted to his care in the Asylum for the Insane and Epileptic…” (Maurer and Maurer 1). After her death, he continued to examine her brain to find causes and explanations for her behavior. He discovered “…classic neuro-pathological signs of plaques and tangles” (Maurer and Maurer 1). “Plaques are chains of amino acids that are pieces of the amyloid precursor protein…tangles are aggregates of the protein tau” (Secko 1). As plaques develop they produce tangles and “these two abnormalities ultimately lead to loss of cognitive function” (Secko 1) Alois Alzheimer’s research has allowed many specialist to conclude that the apolipoproetein E gene may contribute to the disease.

    Read More

  • Argumentative Essay On Alzheimer's Disease

    699 Words  | 2 Pages

    This disease causes memory loss, difficulty in thinking processes, mood swings, depression, hallucinations, personality changes, and the inability to create new memories. Alzheimer’s disease is most common in people who are at the age of sixty years or older, but it can start as early as the age of nineteen. It can be categorized as a type of dementia. “Scientists believe Alzheimer’s disease prevents parts of a cell’s factory from running well” (Alzheimer’s Disease: The basics). Scientist believe that one cause of Alzheimer’s could be caused by plaques and tangles. Plaques are the build up of a protein called beta-amyloid in the nerve cells. Tangles are twisted fibers of the tau protein that build up inside of a cell. The exact cause of Alzheimer’s has not yet been determined, but scientists have reason to believe that it is because these plaques and tangles are blocking the communication of cells in the nervous system. Another probable cause is a mutation on the chromosomal genes 21, 14, and 1. This is why it is believed to be a genetically inherited

    Read More

  • Alzheimers Disease

    942 Words  | 2 Pages

    Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia which is a brain disorder that impairs mental functioning. Dementia attacks the part of the brain which controls memory, language, and thought. It makes everyday tasks like remembering to brushing your teeth, or to pay your bills next to impossible to do, which is why so many people who are diagnosed with this disease are in complete care. This disease has different phases, the first being slight forgetfulness and then the persons emotions may heighten as well as language impairment, violent outbursts, loss of bladder control and from there it keeps getting worse until complete dysfunction of the brain occurs and eventually death, which most of the time is the result of infection.

    Read More

  • Alzheimers Disease

    1275 Words  | 3 Pages

    Alzheimer's Disease Introduction to Alzheimer's Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain. It was first described by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915). in 1905. This disease worsens with advancing age, although there is no evidence. that it is caused by the aging process.

    Read More

  • Alzheimer's Disease Argumentative Essay

    1228 Words  | 3 Pages

    There are two abnormal structures called plaques and tangles, which are prime things in damaging and killing nerve cells. Plaques are deposits of a protein fragment called beta-amyloid, that builds up in the spaces between the nerve cells. On the other hand, tangles are twisted fibers of another protein called tau, that build up inside cells. Even though people develop plaques and tangles as they age, people with Alzheimer's disease, develop much more. People with Alzeimer's disease also develop plaques and tangles in a predictable pattern, starting in the areas important for memory, before spreading to other parts. Plaques and tangles will usually spread through the cortex as Alzheimer's progresses. It is believed that plaques and tangles play a critical role in blocking the communication among nerve cells and disrupting processes that cells need to

    Read More

  • Alzheimer's

    616 Words  | 2 Pages

    Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimer's results from a combination of genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. Alzheimer's is caused by specific genetic changes that virtually guarantee a person will develop the disease. The causal effect for this disease is still unknown with fingers pointing to plaques and tangles in the brain. Although the causes of Alzheimer's are not yet fully understood, its effect on the brain is clear. Alzheimer's disease damages and kills brain cells. A brain affected by Alzheimer's disease has many fewer cells and many fewer connections among surviving cells than does a healthy brain. As more and more brain cells die, Alzheimer's leads to enormous brain shrinkage. When doctors examined an Alzheimer's brain tissue under the microscope, they saw two types of abnormalities that are considered the cause of the disease. One of these abnormalities is plaques that clump up, a protein called beta-amyloid which damages and destroys brain cells. In patients with Alzheimer’s the plaques created interfere with cell to cell communication. The other abnormality seen is tangles in the brain. Brain cells depend on an internal support and transport system to carry nutrients and other essential materials throughout their long extensions. This system requires the normal structure and functioning of a protein called tau. In an Alzheimer's patient, the threads of tau protein twist into abnormal tangles inside the brain cells, leading to failure of the transport system. (Alzheimer's Association) (National Institutes of Health, 2012)

    Read More

  • Alzheimer’s Disease

    2552 Words  | 6 Pages

    Scientists know that Alzheimer disease is characterized by a gradual spread of sticky plaques and clumps of tangled fibers that disrupt the organization of nerve cells in the brain. However , a definite cause, prevention, or cause has not been found.

    Read More

  • Essay On Alzheimer's Disease

    1302 Words  | 3 Pages

    Alzheimer’s Disease is named after a German doctor, who specializes in the brain and nervous system, named Alois Alzheimer. This Disease forms in the brain. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of Dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious enough to enter. The Tau protein ensures the tubes in your brain stay straight allowing molecules to pass through freely. In Alzheimer’s Disease the protein collapses into strands or tangles, making the tubes disintegrate. There is visible differences of brain tissue in the from misfolded proteins called plaques and tangles. Beta-Amyloid clumps block signals and communication between cells in the brain. Researchers agree that Alzheimer’s Disease is m...

    Read More

More about What is Alzheimer's Disease?

Open Document