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The iliad themes
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Essay
Introduction:
Love is a relative term. Love means different things to different people, and becomes more important as our world grows older. In the Iliad, love means different things to the couples in the book. The beliefs on love and loyalty to a partner, is completely contrary to that of our 21st century generation. For Zeus and Hera, love is a verbal agreement; Inside of their marriage, deception and backstabbing are extremely prominent. Opposite of them, Hector and Andromache show true love and care, as their marriage was not just an agreement – They truly love each other. Similarly, to Zeus and Hera, Paris and Helen’s “love” is just a title and for personal gain. Homer tries to convey, while telling the stories of the Gods, Greeks, and Trojans, that love means different things to people.
Paragraph 1:
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Zeus and Hera, are perhaps the most famous Greek couple, but love for them is not real; It is a title.
Zeus and Hera’s love is all a power gain, and not about true feelings for one another. They are constantly tricking each other into getting what they want, and cheating the other person. Obviously, marriage for them is a power contract. Their marriage is not about valuing each other or being in love with the other person; it is strictly about getting more power than your spouse. Hera, “With every intention to deceive.” (139) tricks Zeus into sleeping with her, in order to get him to stop helping the Greeks, “… My awesome lord… Making love outdoors in broad daylight… Let’s go there and lie down since you are in a mood.” (139) Zeus and Hera are frequently going behind the other’s back trying to get what they want. Their marriage is a verbal power agreement. In the 21st century, marriage is about love and care, and loving your partner. Zeus and Hera’s love seems to differ from nowadays typical marriage ideals. To Zeus and
Hera, love is a way to gain power. Both of them want to get more power/social gain out of the marriage. They chose each other for the benefits they would get out of the marriage, and not because of their true love. Homer brings the reader’s attention to the idea that love is a very relative term, meaning different values in people’s lives. Zeus and Hera’s love shows what truly mattered in the time of the Iliad. They show how marriage was not important, and Homer tried to even further convey the idea of marriage values being viewed with different importance’s between couples. Although most relationships in the Iliad were a power agreement and not truly real, Hector and Andromache proved that love was real in a slim number of them. They showed true care and love which showed it was possible to feel such a powerful emotion. Paragraph 2: Marriage is hard, wild, and confusing in all aspects of people’s lives, and especially in the Iliad. Hector and Andromache’s love highlight the good parts of romance and what it means to be in love. Although sometimes teenagers don’t have a grasp on what it means to be in love, one thing is certain; Love requires strong feelings towards each other. As Hector leaves to go fight in the war, Andromache says her goodbye, as she believes she will be a widow at the end of this war, “When I lose you Hector, there will be nothing left, no one to turn to, only pain.” (78) The love and care shown between Hector and Andromache is so unlike every other relationship in the story, that it makes their love more beautiful. Homer tries to convey the true benefits of love and the many things it brings to a person. ANALYSIS Love is shown and reflected differently throughout the relationships between characters in the story. Paragraph 3: Conclusion:
In the Aeneid, love is depicted as an uncontrollable emotion. Venus and Juno promote the romance between Dido and Aeneas. Dido, the queen of Carthage, begins to fall in love with Aeneas, even though she has vowed to her late husband that she would set her “face against marriage” (Virgil 975). Aeneas falls in love with Dido and remains with her in Carthage, even though he knows that he must continue his travel to Rome. Love is a passion which consumes the soul in spite of its will. It is an “inward fire” (Virgil 976). Juno arranges it so that Dido and Aeneas consummate their love in a cave during a storm. Again, mortals have little or no control over their loves. The gods are the ones who cause people to fall in love.
It is necessary, of course, to begin by explaining what the Biblical evaluation of love is. Of all the references to love in the Bible, and there are many, three sources apply best to this discussion. In the Old Testament, Song of Songs, a descriptive love poem between a woman and her true love, has many parallels to love in Romeo an...
There are many essential emotions that form the building blocks of our lives. These emotions help to shape the people that we are. These feelings are emotional necessities to ultimately keep us happy. No piece of literature these feelings more evident than the Odyssey by Homer. Throughout the course of this book there is one major emotional theme: love.
Hercules is best known for his twelve labours. That said, few people actually know why Hercules had to perform these labours. He is the man of everyone’s dreams – men and women alike. He had the physique, the complexion, the heritage, and the romance. Because of Hercules’ ancestry, he is automatically considered a hero. This is because of the globally accepted equation: God + Mortal = Hero (Rouse, 1957, p. 55).
Pausanias brings up an excellent way to think about Love. He explains that love can be broken down into two types, that of Common and Heavenly love. The common love is that when a man and a woman join merely to satisfy their sexual desires. On the other hand the heavenly love is the type that occurs when two people are attracted to each other with a strong force that goes past the physical appearance but comes from deep within as if from the soul. Although Plato presents examples of the two loves with having the common love as if only happening between a man and a woman and the heavenly love happening between a man and a man, there is not enough proof in the text to say that this if what the whole of Athens really believed.
Aristophanes thinks that a human’s love is clearly “a lack” – a lack of one’s other half- and having no meant to satisfy themselves they begin to die. Zeus, having failed to foresee this difficulty repairs the damage by inventing sexual reproduction (191 b-c). Any “embracements” of men with men or of women with women would of course be sterile – though the participants would at least “have some satiety of their union and a relief,” (191 c) and therefore would be able to carry on the work of the world. Sex, therefore, is at this stage a drive, and the object is defined only as human. Sexual preferences are to emerge only as the human gains experience, enabling them to discover what their “original form” had been.
The meaning of love is as intricate and unique as the purpose that it serves. It seems that the nature of love is found in the mind, the body and the soul. In Plato’s Symposium each member of the drinking party gives their own interpretation of love. As each speaker engages in their discourse, the concept of love is evaluated from different angles. According to Phaedrus, homoerotic love is the highest form of love and that sacrificing oneself for love will result in a multitude of rewards from the gods, while Pausanias believes that there are two forms of love: Commonly and Heavenly. As a physician, Eryximachus claims that love appears in every part of the universe, including plants and animals and that protection results from love. Before starting his speech, Aristophanes tells the group that his discussion about love may seem completely absurd, as he explains that in the beginning one body had two people who were eventually split in half by Zeus. This is meant to explain why people are constantly looking for their “other half”. Moreover Agathon, the poet the symposium is celebrating, critiques the previous speakers by stating that they failed to praise the god of love. He claims that love rejects feebleness and embraces youthfulness while also implying that love creates justice, courage and wisdom.
Throughout history, tyrants have ruled most of the populated world. These were people who held executive power in their community, and ruled with a fierce and rapacious grip, doing their will without paying their dues. These rulers can be seen through time in many different times and nations: Fidel Castro, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin (“Dictators and Tyrants in World History”). All of these tyrants ruled as the gods did, with an iron grip, holding the promise of demise over them in the case of insurgency. In Greek and Roman myths, their gods are painted as impeccable examples of a tyrant, commanding of the humans that they do there will at threat of death. For this purpose the gods were worshipped as Stalin was, through acute fear of their
Zeus does not appear to be portrayed as a dual natured god in any of his myths. The fact that Zeus is not a dual natured god means that he is a divine being with flaws. Instead of Zeus being portrayed as someone who is supreme and flawless, he is portrayed as a sky god who is king among other gods but has many flaws to his character. Xenophanes, a poet of the pre-Socratic period wrote “Homer and Hesiod have ascribed to the gods all that is shameful and reproachable among mortals.” (ML 140) One of the most important flaws to Zeus’ character is the fact that he had countless numbers of extramarital affairs while still being married to his wife Hera.
Love, in classical Greek literature, is commonly considered a prominent theme. Love, in present days, always appears in the categories of books, movies, music, etc. Interpreted differently by different people, Love turns into a multi-faceted being. In Plato’s work Symposium, Phaedrus, Pausania, Eryximachus, Aristophane and Agathon, each of them presents a speech to either praise or definite Love. Phaedrus first points out that Love is the primordial god; Pausanias brings the theme of “virtue” into the discussion and categorizes Love into “good” one or “bad” one; Eryximachus introduces the thought of “moderation’ and thinks that Love governs such fields as medicine and music; Aristophanes draws attention to the origin and purposes of Love; Agathon enunciates that the correct way to present an eulogy is first to praise its nature and gifts.
Love is a force that can overtake large adversities and can stumble over small challenges. Love is an intense feeling of deep affection. Love is eternal, but can be deflected. Different forms of love are expressed by Othello, Desdemona, and Iago in Shakespeare’s play Othello. As a result of romantic love, Desdemona splits from her family, and Othello slays his wife. Next, familial love, not as dominant as romantic love, is evidenced in Desdemona's choice to marry Othello against her family's requests. Lastly, Self-love is the basis for characters such as Iago and Othello to abandon moral reason. Love comes in different forms.
The Ancient Greeks had 3 things they loved more than anything: Mythology, heroes, and love. They loved to write stories of heroes, strange creatures, conquests, and, most of all, the love stories of different people. Heroes, gods, queens, princesses, and regular people all had obsessive passion about the person (or people) that they loved. Numerous cases of rejection, love stories, or wars brought on by a spouse being kidnapped are all at the heart of Greek mythology and culture. I believe that the Greeks worshipped love above all else and they valued love more than life itself.
When you think of love you might think of someone special, or you could possibly be thinking of Cupid. Cupid supposedly shoots you with a love arrow to fall in love; that’s what everyone believed in Greek myths. Cupid chose who or what you loved; you didn’t decide. There are some famous myths about love, and there are lessons to be learned. Pygmalion loved a statue that was cold and lifeless, and Zeus fell in love with mistress after mistress. Cupid fell in love with a human who was more beautiful than his mother, Venus, the god of love and beauty. The prevailing idea is that love can overcome all things. We can’t choose who we love, it just happens; we will never stop trying for what we love.
The word love has several meanings in the English language; one can use it to describe their love for food, family, places, their partner in crime and etc. Unlike English, Ancient Greeks have four ways to describe the meaning of love. Eros which describes the sensual love between a husband and wife, Storge which describes ones love for family, Philia which describes ones love for a friend, and at last Agape the highest form of love an example would be Jesus Christ dying on the cross for all of mankind. All four Loves work together adepend on one another to reach the highest form of love, which is Agape.
with some very different views of love as brought to us by Agathon, Phaedrus and