Watson, Skinner and Tolman

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During the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as “modern day psychology” in 2012. In this succinct writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and deliberation to define their difference shall be incorporated herein. Although, each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectives, there is also a form of dissemination among them based on their theories and perspectives. Each theory and concept is like steps on a ladder that define prior events that lead to current day theory known as modern day psychology. Respectfully John B. Watson is the founder of behaviorism and B.F. Skinner is the founder of radical behaviorism, but Edward Tolman marches to a different drum and is known for developing cognitive theory. Herein we will compare and contrast each theory and formulate how each theory is imperative in 2012.

John B. Watson

Born January 9, 1878 John B. Watson is credited as the founder of behaviorism. Behaviorism is a theory that equates behavior to conditioning. Typical examples of behavior conditioning are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that births an unconditioned response. Subsequently, a neutral stimulus brings a response without the natural occurring stimulus. Unified the two elements are thought of as a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. Watson and Skinner classical conditioning are similar because they both require a form of behavior whether negative or positive, volun...

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...ng. Tolman was also a behaviorist, but his distinction is signified by his cognitive theory. Three men, three contributions that will last forever!

In 2012 Watson’s behavior theory is still flourishing and alive. B.F. Skinner operant conditioning is utilized in many occupations and Tolman’s cognitive theory is also alive and well in 2012. In closing, theories are timeless and as we approached a new century, other psychologist will emerged to compliment or further the work of Watson, Skinner, and Tolman! Their works are here to remind us that a theory or concept can be timeless.

References:

Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

Cooper, S. (2009). Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Tolman

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