I agree with you that this is a very gray area. At what point does doing something under coercion cross between voluntary and involuntary? You say that if someone is holding a gun to your head, you have no choice but to give them your money. I can understand how it may seem there is no choice available making this an involuntary action, but in my opinion, I say the choice, no matter the disparity between the two, was still existent. As Aristotle states “Choice is manifestly a voluntary act”. If someone holding a gun to someones head and them giving the perpetrator money was an involuntary act, there would be no instances of people choosing an alternate route. Some people choose to fight back based on their own set of skills, and others
Stanley Milgram, author of "The Perils of Obedience," conducted an experiment at Yale University to see if average citizens would partake in a study revolving around obedience to authority (Milgram 78). In said experiment, a professor from Yale would give an ordinary individual the authority to shock another person. If the ordinary individual asked to stop, the professor would coax them to continue and remind them they hold no responsibility (78). Not only did Milgram 's study revolve around obedience to authority, it also stressed the point of every person could be capable of torture and doing so without feeling responsible. In the article, "The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism," author Marianne Szegedy-Maszak states, anyone can
There are many things to learn from this article written by Donald Baer, Montrose Wolf, and Todd Risley. It is a very informing article in which you can learn about the current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. The seven dimensions mentioned are: applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and generality.
In conclusion, Frankfurt’s argument against the Principle of Alternate Possibilities showed that people under coercion had moral responsibility for their own actions. Copp placed the value of moral responsibility to the ability of being able to do one’s will and Pereboom supports Frankfurt’s argument by placing the robustness condition on alternate possibilities. This shows that there is still a need to put more thought and brainstorming into who has the moral responsibility.
Obedience is a widely debated topic today with many different standpoints from various brilliant psychologists. Studying obedience is still important today to attempt to understand why atrocities like the Holocaust or the My Lai Massacre happened so society can learn from them and not repeat history. There are many factors that contribute to obedience including situation and authority. The film A Few Good Men, through a military court case, shows how anyone can fall under the influence of authority and become completely obedient to conform to the roles that they have been assigned. A Few Good Men demonstrates how authority figures can control others and influence them into persuading them to perform a task considered immoral or unethical.
The problem behavior associated with individuals making bad food choices when presented with unhealthy food will need to be observed so that we may understand how to change this behavior as it is unhealthy and harmful to health overall. Are poor choices in different foods causing obesity? Making poor choices when it comes to food is an
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Bodily autonomy is a concept that is considered to be a human right. Bodily autonomy means that a person has control over who or what uses their body, for what, and for how long. Bodily autonomy is why you cannot be forced to donate your blood, tissue, or organs, even if you’re dead, even in the circumstance that your blood, tissue, and organs would save fifteen lives. Bodily autonomy is why someone cannot touch you, have sex with you, or use your body in any way without your continuous consent. A fetus is using and surviving from somebody else’s body parts. Therefore, under bodily autonomy, the fetus is in that person’s body by permission, not by right, and requires a person’s continuous consent to remain in that position. If the person
Next, is the argument of tacit consent. Those upholding this argument say that we consent to government through some action such as voting, paying taxes, or even just by living in its territory. It even goes as far to saying that we consent simply by remaining silent. Does this mean that we consent to something when we choose an option that is forced upon us? We have more options than the ones given to us by the government. It’s just that they have the power to punish us if we don’t choose from their palette of choices. The fact that we make a choice does not necessarily make it voluntary. Can one say then that if someone believes they make a choice voluntarily it constitutes consent?
This principle states that if one acts freely, then one could have done otherwise. The principle is associated with the claim that a person is not to be held morally responsible for actions that are due to unavoidable situations, or situations in which one is coerced to do something. However, we may argue that these claims are not necessarily true. Philosopher Harry Frankfurt argues this in his essay Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. In the situations of which a man is threatened or coerced to do something, it is difficult to determine what the man’s actions will be in those instances in response to the threat, as his decision to act will be subjective. However, in the case of which coercion actually affected the man, and that the force or suggestion was solely the reason why the man acted the way he did, it seems that he is not held morally responsible. But when the coercion does not affect the man, he is morally responsible for his action. This leads to the claim that a person is only held morally responsible in situations of coercion, when the suggestion itself is the sole factor in one’s decision making process. However, the principle of alternative possibilities provides no such explanation or association with such a claim. For this reason, we may challenge the principle of alternative possibilities, as there are quite a few situations which are exceptions
It is with great pride and enthusiasm that I write to you today to express my intentions towards my future endeavors once graduating from your humble establishment with a degree in applied behavioral analysis. My intentions are to graduate from Saint Joseph 's University with a degree in applied behavioral analysis, then to proceed onto the next step in my career as a behavior specialist councilor, where I can help families through creating concrete goals and plans and models to measure these goals, as well as to ensure that parents are supplied with the resources required and an efficient team to help them.
The two reasons are reparation and restraint. Locke asserts “which is so much as may serve for reparation and restraint: for these two are the only reasons, why one man may lawfully do harm to another, which is that we call punishment.” Reparation is defined as the wronged party seeking punishment from the one who has wronged a person. The punishment has to be in the same magnitude of the crime. Restraint is defined as steps that are necessary in preventing someone from committing a crime. In the state of nature it is just to use force when these two reasons are prevalent. These two reasons of force do not cause people to enter into a state of war. However, when people use force unjustly, they abandon the state of nature and enter into state of
Many people choose to use violence in their own ways to achieve the goals they have set upon themselves. But are there situations where violent disobedience is ever justified? You might be thinking, what is violent disobedience? Violent disobedience is the act of breaking a rule placed upon oneself, ready to accept any punishment that is to come to thee. You could violently disobey anyone such as the police, your parents, and even yourself. I believe only in certain situations one should be allowed to violently disobey an order give to him or her. No matter, one must accept ones hardships with outstanding stoicism to be able to succeed in controlling your actions for the greater good.
The use of force has been around since policing began, although the rules for its use have changed overtime. In a 1964 survey, the majority of police reported they were to use “good judgement” when deciding whether or not to shoot (Walker 1993, 26). Back then, police also used force for any fleeing felon, which basically meant whenever. Now that rules have changed, the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code, established in 1962, states that police are to only use force when they feel their life or someone else’s life is in danger (Walker 1993, 27). Later on, the Omaha Police Department policy added to the American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code, by saying police cannot
The dangerous nature of human experimentations is a frequently recurring theme in fiction stories and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is one of such stories. The central character, Dr. Frankenstein, is obsessed with knowledge and in his pursuit of knowing all the secrets of life he creates a monster. The monster is a hideous creature, lonely and incapable of love. The creature laments the day of his creation and eventually resolves to destroy Dr. Frankenstein’s life by killing Dr. Frankenstein’s whole family. Dr.Frankenstein’s thirst for knowledge drives his whole life to destruction where his loses his family as well as his sanity dying alone in an explicable grief. Reckless and unnecessary manipulation with nature produced a desired result (the creation of a monster gave all the answers to the secrets of life), but the consequences that Dr.Frankenstein fails to foresee lead to a tragedy. The message Mary Shelley hoped to deliver to her contemporaries as well as to the future generations was a warning against taking extreme steps in experimentations towards promising, but radical scientific advancement. Many of was would agree that by manipulating natural world we often cross the borders of ethically acceptable conduct where the potential benefits seem to justify the evil nature of the experiment.
According to the video entitled Behaviorism: A general overview of behaviorist learning theory, this approach to learning rejects the emphasis on the conscious and unconscious mind and focuses on the observable behavior of the subject. The principle of the behaviorism theory is that there is a direct association between a stimulus and the response an individual makes, the change in an individual’s behavior indicates that learning has occurred, and that individuals are not born with disposition to act in particular ways (Ormrod, 2012). In classrooms where the behavioral technique is used, there are often behavior modification and token reward systems in place (Campana, 2011).