Rebecca Feliciano
Nutrition 425
Project two
Vitamin B12 deficiency and its effects on the Elderly
Vitamin B12 deficiency, or Cobalamin deficiency, occurs frequently among elderly people. Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep the body's nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material, in all cells. Vitamin B12 also helps prevent a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia that makes people tired and weak. Often times, the symptoms of this deficiency are undetectable because the signs are subtle. This creates several issues including identifying those at risk for deficiency and providing those individuals with the correct treatment. Throughout the paper I will address issues such as the causes and evaluations, treatments and procedures, and dietary impacts of vitamin B12 deficiencies using several studies related to vitamin B12 deficiency within the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to determine what the effect of lack of vitamin B12 has on the elderly and what, if any, can be a preventative for such deficiency.
In a study titled, “Clinical relevance of low serum vitamin B12 concentrations in older people: the Banbury B12 study,” participants of age 75 years or older were examined to find any associations between cognitive impairment, depression and neuropathy within the blood measurements of vitamin B12. Individuals who are deficient do not always present the common symptoms which might include anemia or neuropathy. Instead, more subtle symptoms might arise. Individuals may feel fatigue and have cognitive impairment but because these are also symptoms of old age, these symptoms may go unnoticed. A total of 1,000 individuals took part in this study each from the older living community and did not h...
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...ke of vitamin b12 or cobalamin levels. Each study presented in this particular article showed that there were several stages in the cause of acquiring the deficiency and in the stage of intake solely through food, the cause of the deficiency were strict vegetarianism without vitamin supplementations. The conclusions similarly show that in each study in this article, the causes were noticeable to be by malabsorption, dietary deficiency and anemia. However contrasted, the studies did not each show that heredity was involved in elderly patients and lack of vitamin B12.
Cobalamin deficiency appears to be more common among patients who have several chronic neurological conditions such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, strokes, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. However, it is unclear if these are causal relationships with the development of a vitamin b12 deficiency.
When you need to boost your sports performance, there are a variety of pre workout supplements that you will find on the market. The right supplements will help you to achieve the highest levels of your performance. If you are an athlete, it is important for you to fortify your body with the most beneficial supplements that are made with high quality ingredients. What are other advantages of taking pre workout supplements? When you take a pre workout supplement at the right dosage, it will help you to have more energy, it increases your focus and it also helps to give you more power during your workouts.
Although Alzheimer’s disease appears to be the most common cause of dementia, “more than 50 conditions are associated with dementia, including degenerative ...
...t one has it. Many scientists hypothesize that there is an inflammatory response in the brain when there is an extensive B-42 amassing. To slow or stop this, scientists theorize that the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, could delay the swelling in the brain. Also, as scientists have known that taking a multi-vitamin tablet each day is good for you, there has been recent research demonstrating that the use of antioxidants may protect neurons, not just the immune system and keeping the body healthy by providing vitamins and minerals. These special supplements protect the neurons from the effects of the accruing B-Amyloid that would likely cause the plaque that causes AD.
Vitamin B-12 is essential for energy production as well as influencing the way your body uses carbohydrates.
Hepatitis B is a DNA viral infection that causes damage and inflammation to the liver. It was first discovered in 1965 by Dr. Baruch Blumberg. The HBV virus is very contagious and is even thought to be the most serious form of viral hepatitis and the most common viral infection on Earth. “HBV is 100 times more infectious than HIV.” (Green, 2002, pg. 7) The virus can survive for about one week outside the body on a dry surface. According to Green (2002, pg. 7), “One in twenty Americans has been infected with the virus at some point in their lives.” Between the ages of 15-39 is when 75% of new HBV infections occur, according to Green (2002, pg.8).
Vitamin, any of the organic compounds required by the body in small amounts for metabolism, to protect health, and for proper growth in children. Vitamins also assist in the formation of hormones, blood cells, nervous-system chemicals, and genetic material. The various vitamins are not chemically related, and most differ in their physiological actions. They generally act as catalysts, combining with proteins to create metabolically active enzymes that in turn produce hundreds of important chemical reactions throughout the body. Without vitamins, many of these reactions would slow down or cease. The intricate ways in which vitamins act on the body, however, are still far from clear.
If we lack these vitamins then how are gorillas and chimpanzees able to obtain these vitamins while still being herbivores? They are the animals we have the closest relation to so what works for them should work for us, shouldn't it? Wanjek also makes the false assumption of stating that the vitamin B12 is only found in animal products. How would that be possible when B12 doesn't form in animal products, the vitamin B12 comes from the soil in the form of cobalt. The only reason as to why there is B12 in animals is because they eat plants which contain cobalt from the soil. If animals get B12 from plants then in theory we would be able to get B12 from plants as
Alkaline program for weight loss has a rich variety of foods. Most of these foods are readily available. Here are some of the ways in which alkaline diet work to cut off some extra pounds:
Booster Juice is now a worldwide phenomenon, with over 300 locations dotted all over the world — from one Canadian coast to the other, also including the U.S., Mexico, the Netherlands, India and Brazil. The menu has expanded to include not only Smoothies and Fresh-Squeezed Juices, but also convenient and delicious hot food offerings like fresh-made Panini, Quesadillas and Wraps. Booster Juice offers a variety of promotions each month, some of which currently include free birthday smoothies, a Easter Seals Paper Egg Campaign, which helps raise money for Canadians with disabilities, and a Booster Juice 2 for 1 coupon on select boxes of ‘Post Cereal.’ Booster Juice also provides programs such as fundraising and a school lunch program for children in elementary schools to enjoy. Booster Juice offer several different types of drinks ranging from classic smoothies, freshly squeezed juices, hard-core smoothies, spirit smoothies,
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the United States and often responsible for anemia and neurologic symptoms, particularly in the elderly.
Vitamin D plays an integral role in multiple systems in the human body, from its function in Calcium and Phosphorus metabolism, to modulation of the immune and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Grober et al. 2013). Unfortunately, factors such as diet, geographic position, and skin pigmentation are contributing to an increase of prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency around the world, consequently leading to a higher rate of associated illnesses. Namely, Cardiovascular Diseases such as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Hypertensive Vascular Disease, and Myocardial Infarction have been shown to be more common in people with lower levels of Vitamin D in their system (Lavie, Lee & Milani 2011).
First and foremost, when people relying too much on vitamin supplement they will lazy to have a good lifestyle. People believe that supplements can give qui...
Vitamins, a group of organic substances required in our diets in small amounts for growth and nutrition, are usually found in foodstuffs or taken as supplements. Yet vitamins probably present a wider gap between myth and reality in the layman's understanding than almost any other area of our diet. Surveys have found that while a majority of Americans do take vitamin supplements on a regular or occasional basis for reason of health concerns, there exists enormous confusion about the actual purpose and benefits of this practice ("Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the United States," 1990:161). Most people have a recognition that Vitamin C prevents scurvy, that Vitamin A is found in fish-liver oils, or that Vitamin D is found in dairy products; many people believe that Vitamin E preserves youth and prevents sterility, or that Vitamin C can present colds and cancer. Beyond this, however, there is still considerable ignorance and widespread myth.
Booster Juice expansion into their global market was not successful as they expected and for instance, their Indian market. According to Porter’s Five Force Mode, the competition in the India was not that tough and there are so many opportunities to grow their brand locally in the country. At the time that Booster Juice entered Indian’s market, their brand was still new to the region and there are so many things to learn and adapt which if they managed to do it right, they could become a big and established brand. But one of the biggest problem for Booster Juice in India was how to get their supply such as fresh fruits deliver to their stores. The quality different between the fruits grown in India versus Canada is significant.
Dementia is defined by the World Health Organization as a syndrome due to damage of the brain cells that most often chronic and progressive in nature. Some of the cortical functions that become impaired include memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language and judgment. Other manifestations that may accompany this disease are deterioration in emotional control, social behavior or motivation (Ouldred & Bryant, 2009) Dementia is not a normal part of aging, however it occurs most frequently in the older population. Fifteen percent of Americans over the age of sixty-five have dementia, and as the average life span continues to increase, so will the number of those affected by dementia (Fredman, James, Johnson, Scholz, & Weuve, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for different types of dementia.