1. Short Description
1.1 Definition, origin
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light (Visual perception, 2016a). The resulting perception is also known as eyesight or vision. However, what people see is not simply a translation of retinal stimuli (i.e., the image on the retina) (Visual perception, 2016b). Aesthetic experience of visual perception can therefore be conceptualised in three levels: sensory perception (environmental stimuli), cognition, meanings and values that the viewer may associate with this typology (Gjerde, 2010).
The Analysis of visual perception is a method to clarify visual information in physical environment, thus parsing human’s
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Recent developments in mobile Augmented Reality go further and allow to overlay digital visualisations showing proposed future changes on top of the existing environment as experienced in the field. Thus providing a multi-sensory experience. This has the potential to lead to new routes in landscape assessment (Lange et al., 2012).
Different methods of analyzing visual perception：
Physical & Psychological paradigms:
¥ Mapping
¥ Mental map-Kevin Lynch
¥ Photograph analysis
¥ Questionnaires
¥ Virtual stimulation
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Characteristic differences in visual stimuli include color, shape, size, quantity, direction, and distance.
1.4 Instructions for application, steps
People constantly read the city and get visual information, but what in the city triggers a sense of identity or special feeling for the space? How can we react to the existing situation and create new spaces that echo people’s perception/impression?
Some Instructions can be concluded:
1. Combine the basic theory and space scales mentioned above.
2. Refine components of visual perception.
3. Analyze photographs of different viewpoints from aspects e.g. visual elements, directionality, color composition.
4. Get the visual perception characteristics of different viewpoints and classify the different characteristics of the
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Thus give guidance to conscious intervention in designing process.
The crux of learning and applying this method is to decompose the composition of visual perception, be aware of how pedestrains would perceived the space visually and thus how to make conscious intervention.
1.5 Strengths and limitations
Strengths: Visual perception analysis jumps out of the box of macro-scale analysis of city and highlights the importance of human’s perspective and cognition in space perceiving process, which criticizes the trend studying cities with too much emphasis on the figure-ground relationship. What’s more, in this method, visual perception factors are taken into consideration when evaluating and analyzing urban space. Human experience in the space is emphasized and regarded as important as mental map, which is more real and concrete.
Limitations: The approaches relying on 2D images fail to fully express the multi-dimensional information perceived in human’s eyes and brain from the dynamic environment, which is much more complicated than simple images and will be combined and filtered by personal experiences and cultural background. All in all, unilateral visual perception cannot fully reflect a comprehensive perception from dynamic
The ultimate goal for a system of visual perception is representing visual scenes. It is generally assumed that this requires an initial ‘break-down’ of complex visual stimuli into some kind of “discrete subunits” (De Valois & De Valois, 1980, p.316) which can then be passed on and further processed by the brain. The task thus arises of identifying these subunits as well as the means by which the visual system interprets and processes sensory input. An approach to visual scene analysis that prevailed for many years was that of individual cortical cells being ‘feature detectors’ with particular response-criteria. Though not self-proclaimed, Hubel and Wiesel’s theory of a hierarchical visual system employs a form of such feature detectors. I will here discuss: the origins of the feature detection theory; Hubel and Wiesel’s hierarchical theory of visual perception; criticism of the hierarchical nature of the theory; an alternative theory of receptive-field cells as spatial frequency detectors; and the possibility of reconciling these two theories with reference to parallel processing.
"Perception - Definition of Perception by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia." Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. Web. 08 Feb. 2011. .
Another speaker, Margaret Livingstone delves into the visual aspect of our senses. Livingstone mentions how artists recognize things about vision that neuroscientists are not privy to until years later. Livingstone discussed the differentiation between color and lightness, and how the two contribute differently to a work of art. Color is thought of as “comparing activity” whereas light is thought of as “summing them.” Livingstone indicates that the visual system is subdivided into a ventral system and a dorsal system. The ventral system is responsible for object recognition, face recognition, and color. The dorsal system is responsible for navigating through the environment, special organization, and emotional recognition. The ability for humans to see distance and depth is carried via our colorblind part of our visual system. As a result, Livingstone concludes that one cannot see depth and shading unless the luminance is right to convey three-dimensional.
Merleau-Ponty distinguishes three aspects of the psychological process; basic sensations, perception, and the associations of memory (Merleau-Ponty, 1994). Basic sensations receive raw information from the world and transduce them for our perceptual processes. Perception unifies the infinite amount of information about our environment, from our environment, into a meaningful structure. Perception is interpretive, but its presentation of the world is as distal and objective. There are three central features of perception for Merleau-Ponty. First, perception is synthesized independently by the body and not by the mind (consciousness).
The ‘where visual pathway’ is concerned with constructing three dimensional representations of the environment and helps our brain to navigate where things are, independently of what they are, in space in relation to itself (Mishkin & Ungerleider & Macko, 1983).... ... middle of paper ... ... The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal qualities. Second, they cannot be intentional properties, since they are not essential properties of visual experiences, and because the content of visual experiences cannot be constituted by contingent properties.
In this stage I would use my visual sense so this would be what I can
One’s sense of place is determined by where they feel comfortable, at home, or simply welcomed. Millions of people consider their sense of place as being in an urban setting, but millions more are cast out of the urban space. What causes this “urban unevenness”? There are many factors to consider when thinking about the urban divide including race, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physical and mental health to name a few. Massey’s essay, “Global Sense of Place”, discusses what she calls “time-space compression” which can explain why some people feel included in an urban space and others are excluded. Massey’s idea of “sense of place” is furthered by looking at examples from Williamson’s accounts of the destruction
Perception plays a huge role in someone’s life. “When a distinction is made between sensation and perception, sensation is frequently identified as involving simple “elementary” processes that occur right at the beginning of a sensory system, as when light stimulates receptors in the eye. In contrast, perception is identified with complicated processes that involves higher-order mechanisms such as understanding and memory that involve activity in the brain” (Goldstein, 1980, p. 7). It is simply the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the five senses. Perception aids us to navigate through the world, avoid danger, make decisions, and prepare for action.
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view... Until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.”(Harper Lee). Every human being tends to view certain things in their own different and unique way. Perception is one of the most antique aspects of human interaction and behavior. How we perceive things is different than others, some will see the glass either half empty or as half full it just depends how we look at things.
Michael Tye comments that, “Viewers of [a] painting can apprehend not only its content... but also the colors, shapes, and spatial relations obtaining among the blobs of paint on the canvas.” In this sense, qualia explains how humans can understand and recognize images on an everyday basis. If a person that had never seen a tree before was shown a drawing of a brown rectangle with a green circle attached to the top, the image would be foreign and unrecognizable. However, if a person had seen a tree before and was given the same drawing, they would recognize the general shape and colors of the image and assume it was a tree. By giving objects and experiences distinct, subjective qualia, images become recognizable and organized in the
There are many different Visual Perception principles in perception. The main principles are Gestalt. Gestalt is a German word meaning 'form' or 'shape'. Gestalt psychologists formulated a series of principles that describe how t...
Human eyes are perhaps the most crucial organs among the five body senses. Eyes serve a wide range of purpose to the human being but the most important is the fact that they are the link between an individual and his or her surroundings. A person’s self-awareness to their immediate environment is supported by the use of eyes, marking how essential they are to us. Magnificent scenes like the graceful lines of snow capped mountains, the lush prairies, the meandering rivers, the vast infinite oceans, and all other fabulous man made iconic structures, can only be aesthetically absorbed and artistically appreciated through our eyes. In addition, the entertainment content in media relayed through films and television, Internet games and books.
Normally sighted people think of visual literacy as the way in which we interpret and decode meaning in advertising, signage, art, and so on. What this course in visual literacy has taught me, is that the term “Visual Literacy” can be altered depending on the persons individual sense of vision. James Elkins comes the closest to the best description of visual literacy, “Understanding how people perceive objects. Interpret what they see and what they learn from them.”
A city has to be beautiful, though the definition of “beauty” is so vague. The beauty can be physical, such as enjoyable parks, streetscapes, architectural facades, the sky fragment through freeways and trees; or it can be the beauty of livelihood, people, and history. As landscape architects, we are creating beautiful things or turning the unpleasant memorial.