As is described in The Spectacular Favela, favelas and favela violence stems all the way back to the days of colonialism. Portuguese planter classes enslaved Africans using terror to maintain their power creating the foundation for a country with racial and class hierarchies in which an elite class holds the power. When slavery was abolished in 1888 many newly freed slaves fled to large cities such as Rio in search of opportunity. This wave of newly freed slaves combined with an influx of people from the inland flooding the city left very few housing options in the cities themselves, therefore they settled in the hillsides outside of the city, which would later become the favelas we know today. From the very beginning favelas were viewed as roadblocks to creating a modern city and therefore a modern nation. Residents of favelas and the favela’s substandard architecture were viewed as diseases eating away at the …show more content…
Favela tourism capitalizes on the suffering of favela residents and helps to perpetuate the ongoing stereotypes of a violent, poor, drug lord run favela. Favela tourism gained popularity due to a global imaginary that Larkins refers to as Favela, Inc.; which refers to the commodification of the favela as a violent image used in ‘mediascapes’ such as print media, film, television, video games, music, the internet. What is notable about both Favela, Inc. and favela tourism is who controls and benefits from them. The residents of Rocinha are not the ones in control of their home’s global image; instead it is controlled and created by both Brazilian and foreign outsiders. As it is explained in the text, “Favela, Inc.” from a commodified perspective makes the violence of the favelas into a “recreational experience” that tourists can take advantage of but that the actual residence of the favela will not see the proceeds
In Samba, Alma Guillermoprieto describes the Carnival celebrated every year in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and explores the black cultural roots from which it takes its traditions as well as its social, economic, and political context in the 1980s. From her firsthand experience and investigation into favela life and the role of samba schools, specifically of Manguiera, Guillermoprieto illustrates a complex image of race relations in Brazil. The hegemonic character of samba culture in Brazil stands as a prevalent theme in numerous facets of favela life, samba schools, and racial interactions like the increasing involvement of white Brazilians in Carnival preparation and the popularity of mulatas with white Brazilians and tourists. Rio de Janeiro’s early development as a city was largely segregated after the practice of slavery ended. The centralization of Afro-Brazilians in favelas in the hills of the city strengthened their ties to black
Tompkins, C., 2009. The paradoxical effect of the documentary in Walter Salles’s “Central do Brasil”. Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature 33 no1 p9-27
Gang violence is a complex issue with many causes consisting of; lack of jobs, dysfunctional schools, and a biased judicial system, these things have shaped and molded the social structure of this South Central society into something dark and perverse, it has given rise to violence and death, and the inconvenient truth of the matter is it’s our societies fault. References Anderson, Elijah. 1990. The. The Code of the Streets.
A growing affluent class called upon the Diaz regime and imported architects to construct buildings in the Zocalo to reflect a “proper” image that drew on influences from Europe and the United States. Johns recognizes the architectural dependence of the influential Mexicans constructing Mexico City when he states, “Mexican architecture, on the other hand, was an expression of a city run by a people who were looking to create their own culture while entirely dependent on the industry and ideas of Europe and America” (22). The same construction that the elite felt was a celebration of a newfound dignity in the Mexican people was criticized, by visitors and locals alike, as grandiose and a futile effort to shield the native roots of a circle of imposters. Johns’s argues that the “Mexicans knew little of their adopted European tradition, had acquired even less of its taste, and enjoyed none of its tranquility” (23). While the influence on the Westside led to development, the squalor and lack of authority of the peasants on the Eastside created mesones, or as Johns described them, “…a little more than ‘a bare spot to lie down in, a grass mat, company with (the) vermin that squalor breeds…’” (48). Politics on the Westside of the Zocalo were concerned little with the living conditions of the majority. No one would undertake the unglamorous task of assisting the poor, but rather they attempted to veil the masses in the shadow of their refined buildings and recent assumption of culture.
Steven Gregory’s book entitled The Devil Behind The Mirror is an ethnographical study of the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic is in the Caribbean, it occupies the Western half of an island, while Haiti makes up the Eastern portion. Gregory attempts to study and analyze the political, social and cultural aspects of this nation by interviewing and observing both the tourists and locals of two towns Boca Chica and Andres. Gregory’s research centers on globalization and the transnational processes which affect the political and socio-economics of the Dominican Republic. He focuses on the social culture, gender roles, economy, individual and nation identity, also authority and power relations. Several of the major relevant issues facing Dominican society include racism, sexism, and discrimination, economy of resort tourism, sex tourism and the informal economy. The objective of Gregory’s ethnographic research is to decipher exclusionary practices incorporated by resort tourism, how it has affected locals by division of class, gender, and race, increasing poverty and reliance on an informal economy.
Luis Rodriguez, the main character from the novel Always Running, went through multiple life-changing events that were unavoidable because Mexican’s socio-economic status at that time period. His lack of knowledge in certain situations provoked him to make consequential choices. Rodriguez faced death and dealt with complicated relationships, violence, and inequality at a young age. His emotions during these life-changing events molded him into an utterly wounded man internally, where he relied heavily on his affiliation with gangs to gain support, male domination, and protection from the informal subculture. However, the seductive bonds between the gang members and his friendship with influential leaders like Chente contributed to his entry
His execution of imagery, diction, and dialogue throughout the text were very prominent regarding these three factors. The authors use of pathos, sickly diction, and humanistic dialogue were very important agents to bring this piece altogether and alive. Especially with the subject of poverty and how it effects not only Flavio’s family, but as the text says “Pockets of poverty in New York's Harlem, on Chicago's south side, in Puerto Rico's infamous El Fungito seemed pale by comparison. None of them had prepared me for this one in the favela o[ Catacumba.” Poverty effects a lot of people, and awareness needs to be brought up through messages like
In the favela of São Paulo, Brazil, 1958, Carolina Maria de Jesus rewrote the words of a famous poet, “In this era it is necessary to say: ‘Cry, child. Life is bitter,’” (de Jesus 27). Her sentiments reflected the cruel truth of the favelas, the location where the city’s impoverished inhabited small shacks. Because of housing developments, poor families were pushed to the outskirts of the city into shanty towns. Within the favelas, the infant mortality rate was high, there was no indoor plumbing or electricity, drug lords were governing forces, drug addiction was rampant, and people were starving to death. Child of the Dark, a diary written by Carolina Maria de Jesus from 1955 to 1960, provides a unique view from inside Brazil’s favelas, discussing the perceptions of good
My topic is gang violence in Los Angeles and it has so much history behind of why, when, and where it started. Los Angeles had it’s first appearance in the news in 1973 when a of only 17 was shot dead by a school security guard for verbal fighting the security guard often. Gang violences historical development can vary depending on the ethnicity of the gang. Most of the Los Angeles gangs are at Echo Park that has 5 known gangs called EXP (Echo Park Locos), CRS (The Crazys), Frogtown, Big Top Locos, The Head Hunters. These gangs have similar crime records like robberies and shootings. The biggest crime records that are known are done by EXP which are the most park known gang in that particular area. This is not the only area in Los Angeles ruled by gangs there is also many places in the L.A. area that is ruled by gangs. There's a lot of history about gang violence in the Los Angeles area and most of them are about shootings.
The streets of Philadelphia are rapidly becoming a home to violent acts and random homicides. Innocent lives are taken every day due to the strong presence of gangs, and the streets are run by unruly groups of fearless young adults. Gang violence in Philadelphia is a major issue, and the citizens will never be safe until gang prevention occurs. Gang prevention is not a simple task, but with the right resources available, it is possible. Gang violence is a problem that will contribute to the collapse of Philadelphia, and it has yet to be solved throughout many generations. With gang violence on the rise, the best solution to gang violence is to educate the youth and parents about gangs and use family support to prevent the creation of gang members from the problem’s core.
= Gang Violence in California The City of Los Angeles is the “gang capital” of the nation. There are more than 450 active gangs in the City of Los Angeles. Many of these gangs have been in existence for over 50 years. These gangs have a combined membership of over 45,000 individuals.
he had nothing to do after school. Both he and G-Ball joined a gang by choice.
Pattullo report gives a first-hand account as to who controls each segment of the tourism industry; the tour operations, the large hotel chains, and the airline companies. The Caribbean’s economy depends on an industry that is mostly foreign-owned and controlled and the people who live there do not have an opportunity of owning or investing in it. In Pattullo’s report, it reveals that the large travel industry corporations are the ones who have most of the control. But those corporations are not located there. Her report exposes that the true benefiters of tourism in the Caribbean are foreign-owned investors and corporations.
According to the ‘World Tourism Organization’ (UNWTO), the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, as it is estimated that by the year 2020, 7.8 billion people (roughly a quarter of the world’s population) will embark on a foreign trip (Bennett & Gebhardt 15). The Caribbean is said to be the most economically dependent on this industry, as the ‘Caribbean Tourism Organisation’ states that the industry forms the “economic backbone of most countries in the Region”(“Caribbean Tourism Industry” 1), implications for what tourism’s affect on the region have arisen and have prompted further research into matter. Since the 1970’s research regarding tourism in the Caribbean has attempted to determine the social, cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism. Much of the research has found that there are in fact many negative adverse affects, and Jackson’s article asserts that, “Governments often commit money and other resources to support the growth and development of tourism and often turn a blind eye to its negative impacts” (574). The reason why tourism looks attractive (and thus turn a blind eye) to these Caribbean countries is because of “its potential to foster GDP growth, to create employment, to increase foreign exchange earnings, and attract capital investment” (Daye, Chambers, and Roberts 2). This paper will overview such impacts by first discussing a case study conducted in Jamaican resort town, Ocho Rios, with Sheere Brooks discussing the observed social, cultural and economical consequences of Jamaica’s reliance on the tourism industry and will finally look at tourism in relation to capitalism, with Robert Fletcher suggesting in his article that the tourism industry (and more specifically...
While communism was about creating equality, there were still people in greater positions of power than the working class. The implications of this testing was that Roma children who were able to pass the test still ended up in special schools because they wanted to be with other Roma children (where most were not able to pass the exam). Ultimately, regardless of whether the children passed the exam or not, they ended up at the special schools. To the regime, having clever Roma children become part of Czechoslovakia and helping to better the state was less important than the perceived threat of Roma infiltrating the regime and hurting the communist dream of statehood over individualism. Infringement on Roma justice was perpetuated by both