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Introduction to gun control issue
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Timothea Pham
Socialist Alternative
Lessons from Student Movements
On March 24th, nearly 2 million people in the US participated in the March for Our Lives, a demonstration in support of tighter gun control. This was said to be one of the largest protests in American history alongside the Vietnam War protests. Looking back to the anti-war movement during the 60s and now at the current movement against gun violence, we can draw stark parallels, specifically that students were at the forefront of these mass movements. Being at the march and seeing the amount of high school students who came out for the demonstration, I became interested in further exploring how students draw working people into mass struggle all over the world. In order to explore various aspects of student movements, I am going to be talking about lessons from France 1968, the current situation surrounding the Parkland shooting, and our student work internationally in Spain surrounding the education system.
France 1968
1968 is a year known as one of major upheaval worldwide. In May, a general strike in France spread to factories and industries
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The French empire was abolished, the economy improved, and President Charles de Gaulle was a popular ruler. However, discontent lay just beneath the surface, especially among young students who were critical of France’s outdated university system and scarcity of employment opportunity for university graduates. Colleges, libraries and lecture halls were massively overcrowded. Students were subjected to antiquated regulations – male and female students were barred from visiting each others’ rooms in student hostels. These were only a few examples. Student demonstrations for education reform began, and on May 3rd, a protest at the Sorbonne University of Paris was broken up by police. Several hundred students were arrested and dozens were
The 1960’s was a time society fantasized of a better world. However, the horrors of the Vietnam War soon became evident; the mass amounts of death occurring because of the war became a reality. It created a “movement”, especially in American colleges, in order to stand up for what they believed to be “right”. By 1970, many Americans believed sending troops to Vietnam was a mistake, however there were also various individuals becoming increasingly critical of the student antiwar movement
James A. Baldwin once said, “The most dangerous creation of any society is the man who has nothing to lose” (BrainyQuote.com). In the 1960s, “the man” was youth across the country. The Vietnam war was in full force, and students across the country were in an outrage. Society needed an excuse to rebel against the boring and safe way of life they were used to; Vietnam gave them the excuse they needed. Teenagers from different universities came together and formed various organizations that protested the Vietnam war for many reasons. These reasons included protesting weapons and different tactics used in the war, and the reason the U.S. entered the war in the first place. These get-togethers had such a monumental impact on their way of life that it was famously named the Anti-War Movement. When the Vietnam War ended, The United States did not have a real concrete reason why; there were a bunch of theories about why the war ended. Through negative media attention and rebellious youth culture, the Anti-War Movement made a monumental impact in the ending of the Vietnam War.
Martin Luther king states 7 arguments to show his opposition to the Americans aiding the Vietnam at war. One of the reason he is against the war is that, he is against violence and America is promoting violence by fighting against the Liberation Front. It states as he walk among the ghettos of the North, and saw these “desperate, rejected and angry young men” using the “Molotov cocktails,” using violence he told them that violence is not the solution to their problems, rather they should approach a nonviolent solution. They asked him, then “what about Vietnam?” (King, 152) this question provoked him to speak against the war. In conclusion, in order for the violence to stop, in America, the government have to take the first step, so that the
Throughout history, the youth of the generation challenges the status quo. At the zenith of physical vigor and sensitivity, we expose ourselves to influences of a broader world. Subtlety is lost, acute distinctions of what was black and white suddenly become the different shades of gray. Our appetite for curiosity shape our worldview. Life becomes visceral, and truth is revealed rather than logically proven. In the graphic novel, March by John Lewis, he tells the story of his youth as he reflects on the past. His generation refused to accept the narrow confines of the social norm and sought to break free. Their nonviolent protests was not only an act of resistance but that of also self-expression. The societal dogma of segregation and institutional racism would finally come to surface during the early years of his youth. We can gain further insight of this historical time from the following passages.
Robert S. McNamara's book, In Retrospect, tells the story of one man's journey throughout the trials and tribulations of what seems to be the United States utmost fatality; the Vietnam War. McNamara's personal encounters gives an inside perspective never before heard of, and exposes the truth behind the administration.
The activist youth represented were not only concerned about themselves but also about their communities. An important aspect of activism defined by the girls in the book is ‘collectiveness,’ instead of the ‘individualism.’ Emphasizing activism as collective, rather than individual action and highlighting their organizational affiliations, rejects the conception of activism as an act of heroic individuals (Taft, p.44). For example in Mexico City, girl activists engage in a street performance at the Zócalo on Día de los Muertos to raise social and political awareness. In Buenos Aires, students take over school offices to have their demands fulfilled. Activism, according to the girls, is beyond protests.
This reader’s rating for this book is average. It is a very well written book but it may not appeal to some people. If the reader was familiar with the war then this would be a wonderful book to read. This reader thought it was interesting but not as enthralling as it should be. The book was mainly made out of quotes or dialogue from the men in the war. This was a very different way of writing but it was interesting. Many of the veterans had interesting stories to tell and how it felt like to be in the war. Overall it was a book to consider if you’re into war stories.
The Vietnam War (1965-1975)was fought between the North and South Vietnam. The North was called Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the South was the Republic of Vietnam which was supported by the United States. On August 2nd, 1964 the USS Maddox was on a secret intelligent mission on the North Vietnamese coast where in the Gulf on Tonkin they were attacked by torpedo boats. The USS Turner Joy was attacked in the same area two days later. Due to the second attack Congress declared the Gulf of Tonkin resolution which led to air strikes.In 1959 there were 5,000 guerilla fighters and in 1964 the numbers jumped to 100,000. At Pleiku on March, 1965 U.S Marine barracks were attacked causing the three stage escalation bombing of North Vietnam to begin. The 3 year lasting bombing was used to force North Vietnam to stop supporting the "National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam" by destroying their industrial infrastructure and Vietnam's air defenses. Unfortunately this did not stop the North's support for the NLF. The U.S. Air Force bases were constantly being attacked so the U.S. on March 8, 1965 the 3,500 U.S. Marines was deployed to South Vietnam. At this point in time, the U.S. public supported the dispatch because the Vietnam War had been portrayed to the American people as a war against the spread of Communism. Johnson was president at the time and he kept adding more and more troops as the war went on. As the draft quotas increased, the American public protests started. When Nixon came into presidency his policy towards the Vietnam War was "peace with honor" in other words he wanted to widen the war. After more bombing and fighting, on January 27, 1973 the Paris Peace Accords was signed, restoring peace in Vietnam and U.S. forces pulled out. Nixon stopped all American attacks on Vietnam. The condensed summary of the Vietnam War is to see what presidents were involved in this war (Johnson, and Nixon) and what foreign policies were taken towards Vietnam mostly before the protests began.
Polletta, Francesca and James Jasper. “Collective Identity and Social Movements.” Annual Review of Sociology 27.1 (2001): 283–305. Print.
The speech that I chose to analyze and critique is from John Forbes Kerry “Vietnam Veterans Against the War” to the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. In this speech he did not represent himself, he represented the group of 1000 veterans that feels the same way he does about the war.
The literature on social studies enjoys a wide range of social movement’s definitions (Christiansen 2009). This diversity of such a definition is due to the fact that theorists tend to define the term of a social movement depending on their particular theoretical formulation (Diani 1992). Therefore, this section will first consider definitions proposed by group of scholars that represent four major trends in social movements analysis. These trends are as follow, the ‘Collective Behavior Perspective’ (Turner and Killian), the ‘Resource Mobilization Theory’ (RMT) (ZaId and McCarthy); the ‘Political Process Perspective (Tilly); and the ‘New Social Movements Approach’ (NSMs) (Touraine, Melucci). Then, a definition by Della Porta and Diani is selected as this definition has been centered on the most important characteristics of the social movements and oft-cited by researchers.
The most pressing social problem we’re facing in 2016 could, quite possibly, be that despite the vastly different social problems plaguing the United States, let alone the world today, the majority of people are uninformed or, even worse, apathetic about any of the issues that don’t directly affect them. On the other hand, there is also a rising vocal and often aggressive minority of people, mostly young adults and college students, who are committed to protesting and seeking resolutions for the social issues they find concerning for moral or personal reasons. One of these more contentious and divisive issues that has been becoming more and more urgent in the past few years, but seems to have reached a boiling point in 2016, is an epidemic
America is famous for its freedom. Freedom of speech is one of the most wonderful freedoms that Americans are enjoying. This human right is protected by the First Amendment. People should feel free to express their opinions, feelings, and wishes. However, it is the fact that not all of nations are free as much as America. Free speech is different in each country. Vietnam is on opposite side with America. Vietnamese people have limits on their speech; in another word, this nation does not have free speech. There are significant differences between America and Vietnam in regards to freedom of speech on social media, in the classroom and…. The differences between two nations display that free speech is important. Without freedom of speech, people have less benefits in their lives and cannot protect themselves in some cases. Hence, this human rights should be strongly developed in Vietnam as America.
On March 22, 1968, 142 student radicals protested and invaded an administration building at the Nanterre University. They held a meeting that dealt with the French bureaucracy that controlled the funding and class discrimination. The police were called to put down this meeting. The students left without any problems. This event became known as the Movement of 22 March. Several months of unrest and conflict between students and the administrators led to the closing of the University of Nanterre for a month. Students were mad about the closing and protested on May 3, 1968 at the University of Sorbonne. Sorbonne is the oldest University in Paris. Thirteen students were arrested based on the testimonies of police officers. It is not certain whether they were true or not. Three days later on May 6, 1968, a bigger protest erupted. Students from Nanterre met in the center of Paris and had riots wit...
Youth are the national builder, agent of change, and co-constructor of society. Youth play an important role in distributing to democracy of one nation (KAS, 2012). Youth are often considered as a force of creating social change (Wan-Ying, Yong-Chan, Joo-Young, & Cheong, 2005). They are often at the forefront of intergroup conflict, where as front-line warriors in various nations, as perpetrators of Xenophobic violence against immigrants in Germany, as student agitators against alien immigrant to the Indian state of Assam (Youniss, Bales, Chrismas-Best, Diversi, McLaughlin, & Silbereisen, 2002), as the anti-corruption movements in Latin America and Asia, as the protest of school pupils and university students in Chile against the government education policy, and not least, “Arab Spring”, the uprising of the Mediterranean and the Middle East, which it gained worldwide attention (KAS, 2012).