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Critical analysis of Frankenstein
Science and Technology and Morality
Literary analysis on Frankenstein
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Frankenstein and the monster are complex beings with a multitude of flaws that drive their motivations and actions, but ultimately, the monster is the more deserving candidate for sympathy due to a variety of inconsiderate and inequitable behavior aimed at him throughout the book; the monster’s journey and his concluding fate stands as an example of the harmful effects of crossing ethical boundaries in the long-term pursuit of scientific advancement. The monster stands as an hapless victim of Victor’s selfish endeavors and decisions to fulfil his own objectives.
At the beginning of this novel, Victor reanimates the new creature, but doesn’t think of the repercussions of his actions and acts on poorly thought out decisions due to his superficial
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initial impressions of the grotesque monster. According to the AMA code of medical ethics, a highly regarded principle held by physicians is that they should “regard responsibility to the patient as paramount” and as the creator and lawful guardian of the monster, Victor should claim responsibility for its well being and activities and not just abandon it due to his personal feelings. At that point, Victor should attempt to teach proper behavior, commonly held standards and the overall basics of this foreign world. But, his actual actions are completely unfair to the monster, which has just recently woken up in this world and starts out having a limited understanding of how people behave and interact. Besides, the creation of the monster is an overwhelmingly selfish act done by him to satisfy his own curiosity, without any regards for the wellness of the new being he has created. He doesn’t carry out his wide range of obligatory responsibilities, as demonstrated by how he doesn't spare a single thought to how the monster would view his creator’s malice filled reception, along with how he completely ignores that he has a created a sentient living being, with the same potential for unique emotions and feelings as any other human on the planet. The fact that he completely abandons it, just after he created it, elucidates the sheer amount of irresponsibility and negligence that Victor acts on. Furthermore, the monster is a patient for Victor and from an ethical standpoint, it’s treatment and care was performed appallingly.
Victor does not follow any guidelines that a physician should follow when treating a patient; for instance, a physician should “be dedicated to providing competent medical care, with compassion and respect for human dignity and rights” (AMA). As mentioned above, Victor crosses a generally held ethical boundary of proper responsibility by his initial escape from the monster and carefree disregard of his actions and their effects on the creature, along with his surroundings and as anticipated, his unthinking actions don’t pass without consequences. Victor had probably realized the society in general wouldn't accept his creation, as he himself has done, and that the outside world would be a significant danger to the monster. Moreover, he doesn't show any form of “respect” for the monster as an individual and instead, spends a majority the time thinking about how the monster was being a nefarious nuisance to his personal life and proceeded to deny repeated attempts of mutual connection and companionship from the monster. This is shown when the monster actually tries to communicate and interact with his creator when he first wakes up, only to be rejected: “His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds” (Shelley 49). Victor’s mentality is extremely unfair and reprehensible and holds him somewhat accountable for the ensuing repulsion and …show more content…
hate that the monster feels towards humans. The monster has good intentions, as he states that ”What chiefly struck me was the gentle manners of these people, and I longed to join them, but dared not” (Shelley 108), showing his innocent curiosity regarding the ways of these people and only seeking for communication from his fellow beings, just to be aggressively denied. Beyond that, Victor’s blind and insensitive immersion in his quest for new discoveries in the field of physical science results in completely ignoring the adverse effects of his actions.
The enticement of these scientific practices repeatedly trump any of Victor’s good conscience and results in the wide range of prejudiced behaviour that is unfairly directed towards the monster. A similar mindset can be witnessed by the researchers and doctors in “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks”, who tested cancer related tests on the uninformed prisoners in the Ohio Penitentiary, ignored the risks that these tests may pose. The prisoners were convinced that they “deserved” these tests done on them, as they had harmed others in the past and the researchers knew full well that these tests had the potential for great harm, but didn’t get informed consent due to “any unnecessary fear” (Skloot 130). Additionally, this novel also mentions the Nuremberg Trials, a series of war tribunals centering on “conducting unthinkable research on Jews without consent” (Skloot 131), which had gathered historical significance due to it setting up the ethical code called the Nuremberg code. The advent of these laws illustrate how far humans have gone to gain more knowledge in the field of medicine and relates to the overall theme of Frankenstein, as they both emphasize the odious implications of rapidly advancing science. The monster’s and Victor’s situation is similar to that of the helpless Nuremberg
victims, experimented on by an entity with their own goals and natural authority, who are willing to cruelly look over any ethical concerns that may come along with these objectives. In other words, the sympathy that is evoked in favor of the monster helps drive the the overall theme of how careless pursuit of science would culminate in a fundamentally hurtful conclusion. The monster remains as an unfortunate victim of this blindsiding passion present in Victor and has his entire pitiful existence forced upon him by the Victor’s self-serving fanaticism for innovative science.
The result of society’s resentment, Shelly’s cynical text unmasks the fact that Frankenstein’s creation was not produced as innately monstrous but instead learned to become a monster over time. Once again utilizing the literary element of irony, the monster’s exclamation “Nay, these are virtuous and immaculate being!”, demonstrates the monster’s resentment towards not only humans but also himself. Realizing biological inferiority to be the cause of his misfortune, the monster’s frustrations underline the novel’s central paradox of the natural versus the artificial. That is, because human beings exist within the natural order of society and therefore control the law, characters such as Victor, Felix, and even Walton’s carelessness remain protected. Meanwhile, Frankenstein’s creation, an artificial production, exists as mankind’s ostracized enemy regardless of the being’s emotional or intellectual superiority. Beyond envy, the monster’s monologue additionally reflects a sense of desperation. Utilizing the repetition of the word “injustice,” Shelly’s literary choice solidifies the perpetual denial of societies crimes against Frankenstein’s monster. Concluding his speech with the word “injustice”, Frankenstein’s monster testimony signifies the unavoidable truth the being’s presence never caused
Victor's gradual descent towards the dark side of the human psyche is clearly portrayed through Shelley's writing. As stated in previous discussions, Victor's original motivation in pursuing a career in the science field was purely out of love for the world of science and a true passion for acquiring knowledge. However, as the novel continues, we witness his motives go from authentic to impure. As such, we delve into the dark side. His pursuit of knowledge and his creation of the monster are all on the purer or perhaps lighter side of the psyche. It isn't until he abandons him that we begin to see him cross over. His choices to abandon the creature, to let someone else to die for its crimes, to create it a companion only to kill her, to allow the ones he loved to die at its hand, and to still refuse to claim it in the end are all acts
Although some critics say that the monster Victor has created is to blame for the destruction and violence that follow the experiment, it is Victor who is the responsible party. First, Victor, being the scientist, should have known how to do research on the subject a lot more than he had done. He obviously has not thought of the consequences that may result from it such as the monster going crazy, how the monster reacts to people and things, and especially the time it will take him to turn the monster into the perfect normal human being. This is obviously something that would take a really long time and a lot of patience which Victor lacks. All Victor really wants is to be the first to bring life to a dead person and therefore be famous. The greed got to his head and that is all he could think about, while isolating himself from his friends and family. In the play of Frankenstein, when Victor comes home and sets up his lab in the house, he is very paranoid about people coming in there and finding out what he is doing. At the end of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Victor says:
Victor Frankenstein, blinded by pride, remained unaware of how his experiment would affect not only him, but the world around him as he formed his new discovery. His secret to creating life only caused more life to be lost. Because of Victor’s reckless behavior, he caused the depressed and lonely world around his own creation, one who, in the end, Victor did not want to take responsibility for making, no matter how remarkable. The Creation, a being of unfortunate circumstance, exemplifies how knowledge has dangerous and everlasting effects if not used safely or for good intentions. Unfortunately, The Creation leaves his own damage behind as well, again showing how knowledge is harmful, by killing Elizabeth, Victor’s wife, Henry Clerval, his dearest friend, and other members a part of Victor’s family and friends. This demonstrates how knowledge, if not used wisely, can lead to death and suffering. The power of knowledge, in Mary Shelley’s writing, is a gift bestowed on those who can handle the power responsibly, as opposed to using it for selfish boasting. In contrast, she uses these two characters to show the importance of being knowledgeable in both science and responsibility and the unforgivable mutilation that comes if you fail to overcome
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a nineteenth century literary work that delves into the world of science and the plausible outcomes of morally insensitive technological research. Although the novel brings to the forefront several issues about knowledge and sublime nature, the novel mostly explores the psychological and physical journey of two complex characters. While each character exhibits several interesting traits that range from passive and contemplative to rash and impulsive, their most attractive quality is their monstrosity. Their monstrosities, however, differ in the way each of the character’s act and respond to their environment. Throughout Frankenstein, one assumes that Frankenstein’s creation is the true monster. While the creation’s actions are indeed monstrous, one must also realize that his creator, Victor Frankenstein is also a villain. His inconsiderate and selfish acts as well as his passion for science result in the death of his friend and family members and ultimately in his own demise.
Although “Frankenstein” is the story of Victor and his monster, Walton is the most reliable narrator throughout the novel. However, like most narrator’s, even his retelling of Victor’s story is skewed by prejudice and favoritism of the scientist’s point of view. Yet this could be attributed to the only view points he ever gets to truly hear are from Victor himself and not the monster that he only gets to meet after he comes to mourn his fallen master.
In Frankenstein, Shelley creates two very complex characters. They embody the moral dilemmas that arise from the corruption and disturbance of the natural order of the world. When Victor Frankenstein is attending school, he becomes infatuated with creating a living being and starts stealing body parts from morgues around the university. After many months of hard work, he finishes one stormy night bringing his creation to life. However, “now that [Victor] had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled [his] heart” (Chambers). Right after Victor realizes what he has done, he falls into deep depression and must be nursed back to health by his friend. Victor spends the rest of the story facing consequences and moral problems from creating unnatural life. When he realizes that the ‘monster’ has killed his brother, even though no one believes him, he feels responsible for his brother’s murder because he was responsible for the existence of the ‘monster’. Also feeling responsible, Victor...
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, explores the monstrous and destructive affects of obsession, guilt, fate, and man’s attempt to control nature. Victor Frankenstein, the novel’s protagonist and antihero, attempts to transcend the barriers of scientific knowledge and application in creating a life. His determination in bringing to life a dead body consequently renders him ill, both mentally and physically. His endeavors alone consume all his time and effort until he becomes fixated on his success. The reason for his success is perhaps to be considered the greatest scientist ever known, but in his obsessive toil, he loses sight of the ethical motivation of science. His production would ultimately grieve him throughout his life, and the consequences of his undertaking would prove disastrous and deadly. Frankenstein illustrates the creation of a monster both literally and figuratively, and sheds light on the dangers of man’s desire to play God.
The novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley is a work of fiction that breaks the ethics of science. Ethics is defined as rules of conduct or moral principles which are ignored in the story. The story is about a person named Victor Frankenstein who creates an artificial being. Victor abandons the being out of fear and the being is left to discover the outside world on his own and be rejected by people making the monster go on a violent rampage. Victor’s decision would affect him later on by the monster killing his loved ones causing Victor to suffer. Then Victor chooses to seek revenge on the monster and this choice will bring him to his death. In novel Frankenstein one might say that the main character, Victor, breaks the ethics of science when he plays God by creating his own being.
Countless situations created in life will always have some consequence, whether the outcome is a positive outcome or a negative outcome. During the novel, Frankenstein, there are many incidents portrayed through the characters that have both a positive outcome and a negative outcome, no matter the type of situation. The majorities of the situations that are conveyed in this novel almost always have a negative outcome because of the way the effects damage and hurt the innocence of the other characters in the story. In this novel many of the negative outcomes are a consequence of a hideous monster, known as Frankenstein’s monster, which was created by the hands of Victor Frankenstein.
Mary Shelley expresses various ethical issues by creating a mythical monster called Frankenstein. There is some controversy on how Mary Shelley defines human nature in the novel, there are many features of the way humans react in situations. Shelley uses a relationship between morality and science, she brings the two subjects together when writing Frankenstein, and she shows the amount of controversy with the advancement of science. There are said to be some limits to the scientific inquiry that could have restrained the quantity of scientific implications that Mary Shelley was able to make, along with the types of scientific restraints. Mary Shelley wrote this classic novel in such a way that it depicted some amounts foreshadowing of the world today. This paper will concentrate on the definition of human nature, the controversy of morality and science, the limits to scientific inquiry and how this novel ties in with today’s world.
Mary Shelley’s gothic novel Frankenstein is a novel narrated by Robert Walton about Victor Frankenstein and the Monster that he creates. Frankenstein grew up surrounding himself with what he loved most, science. He attended Ingolstadt University where he studied chemistry and natural philosophy, but being involved in academics was not enough for him. Frankenstein wanted to discover things, but did not think about the potential outcomes that could come with this decision. Frankenstein was astonished by the human frame and all living creatures, so he built the Monster out of various human and animal parts (Shelley, 52). At the time Frankenstein thought this creation was a great discovery, but as time went on the Monster turned out to be terrifying to anyone he came in contact with. So, taking his anger out on Frankenstein, the Monster causes chaos in a lot of people’s lives and the continuing battle goes on between the Monster and Frankenstein. Throughout this novel, it is hard to perceive who is pursuing whom as well as who ends up worse off until the book comes to a close.
To create his human-like creature, Victor had to rob the graves of recently deceased. He ultimately had no right to disturb the peace of members of other families that had passed. Victor had recently experienced death in his own family. He should have been more aware of how the moral lines had been crossed. However, in this instant, he
When Victor was confronted by the creature and his request to create him a companion, at first victor had begun to comply only to later to conclude that is wasn’t the best decision. Victor had made the decision because he had realized the potential backlash of two creatures if they were to return to the civilization of man seeking approval once again. “You will return and again seek their kindness, and you will meet with their detestation; you evil passions will be renewed, and you will then have a companion to aid you in the task of destruction. This may not be; cease to argue the point, for I cannot consent” (134). Victor was able to make a decision that was not only ethical but caring and nurturing to his society of a while. Some could argue that Victor only made this decision because he didn’t want his family to find out that he had been responsible for the creation for two monstrosities, however, I believe that Victor made this decision based on learning for his past traumatic experience. Proving that the influence of his family wasn’t needed to make a proper ethical
Mary Shelley’s horrific tale of Frankenstein brings to surface many ethical dilemmas that society deals with every day. The themes Mary Shelley uses throughout the movie, ranging from the power of science to Utilitarianism, underlies the core questions that we as a society have yet to answer. Ethics raises difficult, yet important questions demanded to be confronted by the people. By watching the movie Frankenstein, and looking at it in a critical/ analytical view, it has helped uncover the ethical problems we deal with in an evolving social and technological environment. This movie also exemplifies the dangerous potential of the pursuit of knowledge without human control or ethical boundaries.