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How technology is changing the literary world
Negative impact of technology on literature
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It can be said that in many cases, the job of the author is to reflect the values and norms of the society in which he or she lives. As we consider the new millennium, we see that much has changed in the way of societal norms including the aging of the baby boomers, and an increased awareness of religious, gender, and racial differences. Politically, citizens have become increasingly disenfranchised (Bill Clinton’s sexual escapades may have been one cause of this) and, America has positioned itself as a top world leader.
Another important advance (the internet) has resulted in an increased emphasis on globalization and this has brought with it a renewed focus upon climate change, industrial pollution, and disaster reporting. This new and changing world, the redefining of ourselves, our borders and our previous assumptions is reflected in the ambiguousness we observe in the literary world.
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Some say the short story is disappearing, others claim it’s not.
Some believe that minimalism is alive and well, others find it to be abundant . Available platforms from which authors may share their stories are dwindling leaving writers floundering for a recognizable venue.
Finally, one is left to wonder if traditionally accepted methods of short story writing have evolved once more. If, as indicated at the beginning of this writing, the job of the author is to reflect the values and norms of the society in which he or she lives, one might find it reasonable to consider that the American Short Story may just find itself at the cutting edge of today’s electronic medium. Blogging, Face book, and other such online communications certainly lend themselves to the emergence of an evolved short story which is reflective of this dramatic change in our world and it seems logical that the short story will follow where the world leads as it continues to reflect the world around us
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"Unit 2: Reading & Writing About Short Fiction." ENGL200: Composition and Literature. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. 49-219. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
May, C. E. (2012). Critical Survey of Short Fiction: World Writers (4th ed.). Ipswich: Salem Press.
Orenstein, Peggy. “What’s Wrong with Cinderella?” The New York Times Magazine. 4 Dec. 2006. Rpt. in Writing Communities and Identities. Ed. Cynthia Debes et al. 6th ed. Plymouth, MI: Hayden-McNeil Publishing, 2009. 50-54.
A society consists of a community of people living together and sharing customs and traditions. Once immersed in this society, one can begin to see certain standards woven into the social fabric of the community. These standards, ranging from not walking into public areas scantily clad to not embarrassing people in front of others, are usually unspoken and sometimes cause strife. Young adults often find these standards to be extremely restricting and favor freedom of action over the collective control. Commonly known as individualism, this social theory is very alive in the hearts and actions of young adults and never quite leaves a human as he or she grows older and “matures.” In middle class, Protestant America individualism is subverted in favor of traditional societal standards and customs. Protestant America happens to be the setting of three stories written by author John Updike. An examination of these short stories reveals that John Updike incorporates the struggles young adults experience as they attempt to hold on to their individualism and to protest as well as to question the fact that society's standards are out of focus.
Wilson, M. & Clark, R. (n.d.). Analyzing the Short Story. [online] Retrieved from: https://www.limcollege.edu/Analyzing_the_Short_Story.pdf [Accessed: 12 Apr 2014].
Throughout history, society has been used as a means of inspiration for writers of all genres. More often then not, writers do not shine a light on the positive aspects of society, they chose to focus on the decline of the modern world. For a writer to truly capture this societal decline, they must be brave enough to accept it. For one writer in particular, her passion and style are what fuel her to create masterpieces of literature centered on that very topic. With her ability to focus on modern American society with topics such as rape, child abuse and murder, Joyce Carol Oates’s novels have been able to capture the sometimes cruel reality of American life in an unorthodox way.
“American Crisis.” The American Tradition in Literature, 12th ed. New York: McGraw Hill 2009. Print
In modern society, people take pride on being unique. Despite the fact that people strive to be individuals, our country is structured around social norms. In the instance of these essays, the classification of social issues act as umbrella term and can be used in a variety of different situations. The essays “Why We Crave Horror Movies”, “The Tipping Point”, and “On Self Respect” all analyze different social issues. Steven King evaluates people’s mental health and how it effects their desire to watch horror movies. “The Tipping Point”, by Malcom Gladwell studies different social issues and what made them topple to the point of being classified as epidemics. In “On Self Respect”, Joan Didion analyzes self-respect, how we obtain it, and the process of it diminishing over time. All of these essays cover different topics, but all have the same common theme of redefining social norms.
Short stories are temporary portals to another world; there is a plethora of knowledge to learn from the scenario, and lies on top of that knowledge are simple morals. Langston Hughes writes in “Thank You Ma’m” the timeline of a single night in a slum neighborhood of an anonymous city. This “timeline” tells of the unfolding generosities that begin when a teenage boy fails an attempted robbery of Mrs. Jones. An annoyed bachelor on a British train listens to three children their aunt converse rather obnoxiously in Saki’s tale, “The Storyteller”. After a failed story attempt, the bachelor tries his hand at storytelling and gives a wonderfully satisfying, inappropriate story. These stories are laden with humor, but have, like all other stories, an underlying theme. Both themes of these stories are “implied,” and provide an excellent stage to compare and contrast a story on.
Writing short stories is common for most writers but the writer must give a powerful message in as few pages as they can. While comparing and contrasting short stories “Harrison Bergeron” written by Kurt Vonnegut, and “A Saucer of Loneliness” written by Theodore Sturgeon, I found that both stories were science fiction and they both offer scenarios to fascinating what if situations. In this case, both stories answer what if questions to situations where the government controls, but they also relay hidden personal meaning.
Some of the characteristics of Modernism are: a desire to break conventions and established traditions, reject history, experiment, remove relativity, remove any literal meaning, and create an identity that is fluid. The rejection of history sought to provide a narrative that could be completely up for interpretation. Any literal meaning no longer existed nor was it easily given; essence became synonymous. Narrative was transformed. Epic stories, like “Hills Like White Elephants”, could occur in the sequence of a day. Stories became pushed by a flow of thoughts. The narrative became skeptical of linear plots, preferring to function in fragments. These fragments often led to open unresolved inconclusive endings. This echoes in the short story’s format. The short story functions in fragmented dialogue. Focusing on subjectivity rather than objectivity. Creating characters with unfixed, mixed views to challenge readers.
Literature changed drastically between the nineteenth-century and twentieth and twenty-first century. Idealistic views that British writers once held, turned into skepticism as Great Britain enter war and inequalities grew greater. The writers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries wrote realistically what was happening in the world. The Moment before the Gun Went Off by Nadine Gordimer and “The Day They Burned the Books” by Jean Rhys are both stories that show the shattering of Idealism in twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
"A FEW WORDS ABOUT MINIMALISM." The New York Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
“A Tale Intended to be After the Fact…” is how Stephan Crane introduced his harrowing story, “The Open Boat,” but this statement also shows that history influences American Literature. Throughout history, there has been a connection among literary works from different periods. The connection is that History, current events, and social events have influenced American Literature. Authors, their literary works, and the specific writing styles; are affected and influenced by the world around them. Authors have long used experiences they have lived through and/or taken out of history to help shape and express in their works. Writing styles are also affected by the current trends and opinions of the period they represent. By reading American Literature, we have seen the inhumane treatment of slaves, we have seen the destruction caused by wars, and we have seen the devastation of eras such as The Great Depression.
To a wandering mind, the Internet poses as a platform for endless opportunities of intellectual stimulation, and limitless boundaries for a curious consciousness. However, to the well-versed Matthew Thomas, he is convinced that this contemporary virtual playground masks the textual nature of literature that this world is beginning to forget. To a young, yet well-seasoned expert in the field of literature, Thomas has a multitude of experiences and life events he endured, which served as a major inspiration for his novels. Moreover, the fact that he is so bold as to contest a platform as popular as the Internet in a world where it is taking over, his methodologies and reasoning provide significant value and contrast. Lastly, his in depth