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My definition of terrorism
Department of homeland security america
Department of homeland security america
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Within the world today, there are many organizations with varying opinions about specific ideals. But some of the organizations will take things to the extreme, and will do almost anything to prove that their view is the right one. This extreme act to further an objective is known as terrorism, but what exactly is a formal definition of terrorism? Frank Schmalleger defines it as “[a] violent act or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any state, that is committed to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives” (Criminal Justice Today, 2013 p.560). The American way of life and other aspects such as policy and the criminal justice system have been impacted by terrorism in many ways over the course of the twenty first century.
Terrorism is a broad category and there are different types of terrorism in the world. Two of the more dominant types of terrorism are domestic terrorism and international terrorism. Domestic terrorism is “the unlawful use of force or violence by an individual or a group that is based and operates entirely within the United States and its territories, acts without foreign direction, and directs its activities against the elements of the U.S. government or population” (Schmalleger, 2013 p.562). One of the most recent examples of domestic terrorism in the United States would have to be the bombings at the Boston Marathon, which took place on April 15, 2013. An article written by the Los Angeles Times on April 24, 2013, which was eleven days after the bombings, describes what the offender and his brother did, and has information that pertains to their arrest and the hun...
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...rorism: A new organizing principle for American national security?. The Brookings Review, 20, 4-7. Retrieved from: ://www.jstor.org/stable/20081044
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (n.d.). Counterterrorism and criminal exploitation unit. Retrieved from: ttp://www.ice.gov/counterterrorism-criminal-exploitation/
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (n.d.). National terrorism advisory system. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.gov/topic/national-terrorism-advisory-system
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (n.d.). Preventing terrorism overview. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.gov/topic/preventing-terrorism-overview
U.S. Department of Justice. (n.d.). Fact Check: Terrorism and Terrorism Related Prosecutions by the Bush Administration More than 300 after 9/11. Retrieved from: http://www.justice.gov/cjs/docs/terrorism-bush-admin.html
Cole, D., & Dempsey, J. X. (2006). Terrorism and the constitution: sacrificing civil liberties in the name of national security. New York: New Press.
Host: On September the 11th 2001, the notorious terror organisation known as Al-Qaeda struck at the very heart of the United States. The death count was approximately 3,000; a nation was left in panic. To this day, counterterrorism experts and historians alike regard the event surrounding 9/11 as a turning point in US foreign relations. Outraged and fearful of radical terrorism from the middle-east, President Bush declared that in 2001 that it was a matter of freedoms; that “our very freedom has come under attack”. In his eyes, America was simply targeted because of its democratic and western values (CNN News, 2001). In the 14 years following this pivotal declaration, an aggressive, pre-emptive approach to terrorism replaced the traditional
"USDOJ: Fact Sheet: the Department of Justice Ten Years After 9/11." USDOJ: Fact Sheet: the Department of Justice Ten Years After 9/11. N.p., 11 Sept. 2011. Web. 12 Apr. 2014. .
Petallides, C. J. (2012). "Cyber Terrorism and IR Theory: Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism in the New Security Threat." Student Pulse, Vol 4, No 3 Accessed online http://www.studentpulse.com/a?id=627> on 12/03/14
An anonymous essay, distributed by Liberty Network Association, warns the reader about a developing plan to dismantle the current system of governments. Aptly named, “New World Order” outlines the history, actions, and intentions of the various clandestine organizations that are involved in this attempted restructuring of society. Regardless of the veracity of the claims made, the arguments used to support these claims are fallacious. While the article displays instances of several logical fallacies, the most essential are the slippery slope fallacy, circular reasoning, and the post-hoc fallacy.
* Stephen Rosen: Beton Michael Kaneb Professor of National Security and Military Affairs, Harvard University
There a small but clear differences between domestic terrorism and international terrorism, that difference is where the terrorist act is planned, supported, and carried out. In the case of domestic terrorism, the act must be planned, supported, and carried out all within the boundaries of the United States. The domestic terrorists must also be domicile to the United States and not be current foreign nationals at the time of the act. If the terrorist act is committed with help from a foreign group, planned or supported in a foreign country or committed by foreign nationals inside the boundaries of the U.S., then the attack may be international terrorism. The 9/11 attack was a clear act of international terrorism as it was planned, supported,
Wendt, Alexander. “Constructing International Politics.” International Security. Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. 71-81. Print.
The FBI’s definition of terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment there-of in furtherance of political or social objectives.
Domestic terrorism is described as “occurring primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the US” (“Terrorism”). Some examples of domestic terrorist groups are white supremacists, animal rights/environmental extremists, and Pro-life extremists (Martin 19). Domestic terrorism also encompasses shootings by a lone individual such as the school shootings at Columbine High School and Sandy Hook Elementary. They are considered a terrorist because according to The Revised Academic Consensus Definition of Terrorism, a terrorist can be a lone individual who is trying spread their message an audience that can relate to them or become fearful enough to succumb to the terrorist’s desired change (Schmid 2). International Terrorism is what usually comes to people’s mind when someone mentions terrorism. International Terrorism is then described as taking place outside of the US or transcending national boundaries (“Terrorism”). The attacks on the Twin Towers on September 1st, 2001 are an example of international terrorism because the attacks were orchestrated by the Islamic terrorist group, al-Qaeda, to punish the United States for their involvement in Middle Eastern
In Chapter 1 of “Inside Terrorism” political analyst Bruce Hoffman, explains that the term “terrorism” has undergone numerous definitions over the course of history, starting with the French Revolution of 1789-94. Hoffman explains that according to the Oxford English Dictionary, terrorism can be defined basically as an act or policy enacted by a government to strike fear into those against whom the act is against, to coerce them into submission to the policies of the government. He also explains that a more helpful definition, that of a terrorist, rather than the act of terrorism, provides a better way of defining terrorism. He also explains that the term terrorist is more of a political term than a specific action. (Hoffman 2006) Sociologist Charles Tilly also mentions the French Revolution as the earliest reference to the term of terrorism. They also agree that these early references to terrorism was primarily carried out by governments as a means of oppressing those who would revolt against them. (Tilly 2004) Both authors also agree that although the roots of the term terrorist began during the late 1789s. The concept as well as the definition of terrorism has changed over time, particularly in recent years since Sept. 11, 2001. As the definition of terrorism has changed over the years, so have the methods of dealing with
Terrorism will happen again regardless of how prepared the U.S. thinks it may be. This means that it is the country’s job to ensure that there is a continuation of measures that should be taken to fight against terrorism. Others believe that the U.S. is fully prepared for another terrorist attack and that enough has been done. The question at hand is, should the U.S. still be concerned about terrorism. The United States needs to be concerned about terrorism to prevent tragedies like 9/11 from happening again, to address problems with domestic terrorism, and to improve homeland security.
Terrorism is defined as the “unlawful use or threatened use of force; violence by a person or organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating.” We often think of the word terrorism as an act of violence against America by another country, but as you can see terrorism can be done by anyone at any time, anywhere.
What is terrorism? The FBI defines terrorism as the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Many people believe terrorism only applies to the middle east or regimented groups such as ISIS but in reality; terrorism can be a solo individual such as the Unabomber that was active between the years of 1978-1995. Modern day terrorists often use groups often referred to as ‘cells’ to accomplish their sinister objectives. The purpose of cells is so that if one cell is compromised, it will not have any effect on other cells or the main conspirator pulling the strings of the cells. Terrorism can
Before even discussing anything about terrorism you have to have a broad understand of what it is. The definition of terrorism is very complex, mostly because there is no real definition. According to Dr. Groskin, terrorism is “the use or threat of using violence and force to achieve political objectives using methods which represent violations of criminal laws.” He also states that it is the “motives that lie behind the acts which serve to distinguish terrorism from aberrant, seemingly irrational, mindless, senseless violence.” When looking at a “terrorist” act the use of fear, demands for change, selection of victims, and how likely it is to attract attention all have to be closely examined to determine if it is truly what it seems.