Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Study

Diabetes is becoming very common place. More and more people are being diagnosed e

of what diabetes is, who is susseptable or at greater risk of developing and why this very

serious condition even occurs. In the year 2014, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the U.S.

population had diabetes. Another 8.1 million people or 27.8% are undiagnosed(NDEP, 2014

p.1).

Diabetes occurs when blood sugar or glucose levels become high(NDEP, 2014). The body

either does not make enough insulin to control levels or not able to use the isulin that is

made. Diabetes isipidus is a disorder of ADH-Antidiuretic Hormone receptors. These

receptors are not able to secrete ADH properly. In order to control this, hormone

replacement is used for treatment

(Totora,2012. p 654).

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the endocrine system where insulin is not produced or
able to be used properly(Toutora, 2012, 655). Because the body does not make enough
insulin to move glucose through out the body's cells, the acutal glucose increases to high
levels. This excess glucose then has to be released which is done through urine which is
increased. That is why there is the association of having to urinate constantly also due to the
kidneys not reabsorbing the extra water, which in turn gives the feel of dehydration and
needing extra flulids and food intake.

In Type I diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is treated with taking insulin
injections or using and insulin pump. Blood sugar checks must be taken ofter and having to
watch diet with carbohydrate intaking is continous. One must check and record blood sugar
as many as eight time a day. With the use of insulin, one may opt for rapid acting insulin or
long acting insulin. In some instances both are used at different times of day(Mayo Clinic,
2014. p 2). Insulin must injected with needles or by pump device. This consists of a tube that
is inserted uder the skin of the abdomen. Now there are even wireless models available.
Artificial pancreas' are also currently being studied and experimented with in trials.
Transplants of pancreas are also being done to help with regulation. If individuals with high
body mass index also may have Bariatric surgery which is gastric bypass surgery and it does
help by blood sugar levels becoming more normal.

In type 2 diabetes, there are more warning signs before becoming diagnosed with the

actual label of becoming a diabetic. Most people have "prediabetes" (ADA, 2014. 4). This

means that the acutal blood glucose levfels are higher than normal but low enough to not be

diagnosed as having actual diabetes. To help prevent the condition from changing into

diabetes individual's can lower their body weight 7% which in turn can decrease ones

chances by 58%. Exercising five days a week for at least 30 minutes and watching caloric and

sugar intake all will significantly help fight of diabetes (ADA, 2014. p. 5).

Those who are at risk tend to be minorty groups. This can be in part due to lower social

econmical reasons associated with poor diet. 50 % of black women, hispanic men and

Hispaninc women will develop typ 2 diabetes in their lifetime (NDEP, 2014 p. 2). In older

adults it is more prevelent than younger individuals because younger adults tend to not have

as many symptons or able to manage with out it physically wearing them out. As one

gets
older and body wears down they are more apt to see physicians than when they were
younger. One out of every four people over the age of 65 has diabetes. Even in children the
numbers are astonishing. Each year over 18,000 youth are diagnosed with typeI diabetes
andover 5,000 youth are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ( NDEP, 2014, p. 2). 1 out of 3
children born in the year 2000 will develop diabetes in their lifetime ( NDEP 2014, - 3). This
very accurate statistic alone is frightening enough to realize that this epidemic needs much
attention and research to help find a cure.