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Impacts of imperialism and colonialism on ethnicity
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The Conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus
The Hutus occupied the Rwandan area prior to the Tutsis arrival in the 14th century. The Hutus were a large population who govern themselves. The Hutus were farmers by nature and a passive people who allowed the Tutsis to settle there without any provocation or resistance. The Tutsis on the other hand, were cattle-herding warriors from the Ethiopian highlands. They were a small population of people as compared to the Hutus. By the 15th century, the Tutsis became very aggressive and took advantage of the Hutus weaknesses in the Rwandan territory. They created a pyramid political structure where they appointed a Tutsi king and mostly Tutsis to the layers of the political structure. The political structure
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The German colonist, supported the Tutsi’s form of government and contributed to the growing tensions and discontent felt by the Hutus.
John Hanning Speke, a British army officer, created the “Hamitic Theory”. This theory suggests that the Tutsis were more European than the Hutus because of their physical characteristics. The Hamitic Theory gave the Tutsis a feeling of superiority and power over the Hutus, similar to the Willie Lynch Letter practiced on the Black slaves. In reviewing the early issues involving the Tutsis and Hutus, it appears that the Hamitic Theory used some of the views of the Willie Lynch Letter to keep order and increase the wealth of the
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He had complete control over his slaves with little resistance. He was called upon to teach his methods to the slave colony in Virginia in 1712. The Willie Lynch Letter, better known as the Willie Lynch syndrome, posits that the Lynch letter, if followed, will control the slaves for hundreds of years. Lynch stated that he did not have to beat, hang or kill his slaves, therefore, he did not lose profit as the slave owners in the Colonies were losing. He used the differences among the slaves, to create distrust and envy to control them. He expressed to cause friction between the old against the young, the male against the female, the light skin against the darker skin, the fine hair against the coarse hair, and then do the same in the reverse (Lynch 1712).
The Hamitic Theory, which inflated the physical characteristics of the Tutsis, for instance, the Tutsis had long noses, lighter skin, small lips, higher pitched voices and were taller than the Hutus. In contrast, the Hutus had bigger noses, darker skin, bigger lips, low pitched voices and were shorter. The Hamitic Theory, like the Willie Lynch Letter, created a cultural divide that increased the cultural differences and added to the strains of the Tutsis and the
As Professor Tolson explains the shocking story of Willie Lynch, he explains that the actions of Willie Lynch were “diabolical” meaning pure or extremely evil. Mr. Tolson used that term to describe Mr. Lynch and other slave owner’s method, because only someone of their nature could think of these ways to undermine and degrade the working mind of their slaves. Willie Lynch used his methods to gain and have full control over his slaves. His methods were extremely evil, but very tactful. His methods worked because slaves become weak in the mind like Mr. Tolson explained, and eventually the slaves fall victim to learned helplessness. Learned helplessness can be described as a human being experiencing a painful event and is unable to escape or avoid
...out his master and mistress who were brutalized. He just wrote about his lifetime stories, so it’s not easy to find out actually how and why slaveholders were changed by slavery. I thought it was because of the power or the fear they got from becoming slaveholders or maybe both the power and the fear were the reasons, because we can say that the fear made slaveholders want the power.
Tutsi – A group of people in Rwanda that initially started as the cattle raising people of the old tribes. The Tutsi ruled over the Hutu for the majority of the time, until 1962 where the Hutu revolted. Then in 1994 the president of Rwanda’s plane was shot down, which sparked a massive violent out brake of Hutus killing Tutsis. In the film “Hotel Rwanda”, the Tutsi were the refugees in the hotel, trying to hide from the murdering Hutus.
The Willie Lynch theory was a method used to make blacks turn against themselves and hate one another.
294 years ago Willie Lynch of the infamous "Willie Lynch Letter: The Making Of A Slave" read his manual to those who were present that day in the Virginia Colony. In his letter Lynch spoke about how if his procedure is used correctly then "It will control the slaves for at least 300 hundred years".
The Hutu and the Tutsi have been in conflict with each other for years but after what happened in 1994 I don’t think that anyone will ever forget. In that year Rwandas Presidents plan was shot down and he was killed. In the days following is when the genocide started, because the Hutu believed that it was the Tutsi that shot down the plan and killed the President because he was a Hutu. The United Nations let this go because of the killing of ten of their own and because of their rules of engagement that resulted from the ten Belgian members being killed while trying to protect the Prime Minister. During a short time period of only a few months about 800,000 Tutsi and Hutu moderates were killed by the militia, other groups and even neighbors.
The Rwandan genocide occurred due to the extreme divide between two main groups that were prevalent in Rwanda, the Hutu and the Tutsi. When Rwanda was first settled, the term Tutsi was used to describe those people who owned the most livestock. After the Germans lost control over their colonies after World War I, the Belgians took over and the terms Hutu and Tutsi took on a racial role (Desforges). It soon became mandatory to have an identification card that specified whether or not an individual was a Hutu, Tutsi, or Twa (a minority group in Rwanda). The Tutsi soon gained power through the grant of leadership positions by the Belgians. Later on when Rwanda was tying to gain indepe...
Fredrick Douglas talks about witnessing his Aunt Hester being whipped for having an interest in another slave. He blamed this on the Masters jealousy and wanting Aunt Hester for himself. Fredrick Douglas relates this to a tie between power and sexual desire. “I expect it will be my turn next”, Fredrick Douglas said in a passage as sort of an omen of what is to come. Slaves who had broken the rules of the plantation were deemed “unmanageable”, and were whipped and sold to slave traders in Baltimore. The slave owners had seen this as an appropriate way to send a warning to other slaves about being
His physical freedom would not be as easy to reclaim, as seen in his rebellious fight against Covey. Instances like these are what empowered Douglass to gain his freedom and fight to end slavery. Throughout Douglass’s initial years of slavery, he was “out of the way of the bloody scenes that often occurred on the plantation.” (Douglass, 20) Captain Anthony’s whipping of Aunt Hester made the brutality of slavery crystal clear to the young Douglass. Being the first time Douglass ever witnessed such brutality, the whipping of Aunt Hester was a major and horrific moment for Douglass.
Rwanda was a German colony but then was given to Belgium “who favored the minority Tutsis over the Hutus, exacerbated[exacerbating] the tendency of the few to oppress the many”(History.com). This created a feeling of anger towards the Tutsis, because they had much more power than Hutus. The RPF decided to create a government consisting of a Hutu and a Tutsi holding the highest government positions. As the RPF took control of the government, “some two million Hutus – both civilians and some of those involved in the genocide – then fled across the border into DR Congo.
Later, in 1959, when Paddock 2 face with a rebellion instigated by the Hutu, Belgium switched the Hutu and Tutsi roles, giving the Hutu all the power in the new government. This angered the Tutsi and the animosity between the two groups has grown since then. What Caused the... ...
...ause the colonial masters believed that they resembled them. It was unethical for the Belgians to interfere with the peaceful coexistence that the two communities had enjoyed in the past. As a result, the Hutus acquired negative misconceptions about the Tutsis’ origin, what they stood for, and what they had done for them in the past. The Hutus expertly planned and organized the Rwandan genocide as a result of such historical distortions created by their country’s colonial masters.
The behaviors of his masters display the effect that slavery had on the oppressors as well. In a psychoanalysis of mental slavery, author Barbara Fletchman Smith proclaims that “slavery was damaging for everyone concerned with it” (7). This message is revealed in the narrative after Douglass explains the effect that slavery had on his master’s wife who had not previously owned any slaves prior to his arrival. He stresses how initially she treated him like a human rather than as the animal he had been groomed into becoming or the property that he had been established as since birth. She even went as far as to begin teaching him how to read, a skill which was forbidden among slaves. It was not until her husband’s interference that she assumed the traditional role of a slaveholder’s wife. He had explained to her that “[reading] would forever unfit him to be a slave” (29). She became considerably fierce toward Douglass, stopped giving him lessons, and ensured that he would not have any access to anything he could try reading with. Her gradual change in character is evidence that no one person is naturally malicious towards another. Slavery perpetuated an uncompromising mindset of superiority and entitlement in order for those in power to remain in
Tutsis are related to the Masai and the people along the Nile, while the Hutus
The Tutsis were favored and felt superior to the Hutu and Twa. This caused much tension and jealousy between the two groups. The greater half of Rwanda, known as the Hutu, are a big part of the social issues that took place in 1994 as they overthrew the Tutsi power. The Hutu were located in both Rwanda and Burundi and while they wanted to gain power in both countries, the Hutu of Rwanda forcefully took over the Tutsi ruler. The Rwandan Hutu were in command until 1994 when they were invaded by the Tutsi.