What does syndrome mean and how many types of syndromes are there? The Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary defines syndrome as " a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality" (1). This definition, however, does not include some important details. For example, the cause of many syndromes is unknown, and most of the syndromes do not have a cure. In fact, there are more than fifty types of syndromes that vary between genetic and psychological syndromes. Therefore, to get a better understanding of the term syndrome, we have to know some common types of syndromes, which are Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Asperger's syndrome. The first common type of the term syndrome is Down syndrome, which …show more content…
Like Down syndrome, Turner syndrome may cause problems in a patient's development, and the two main characteristics of Turner syndrome are short height and undeveloped ovaries. No cure has been found yet for this syndrome. Therefore, treatment is only used to minimize the symptoms. For example, patients use growth hormone injections weekly to fix the short height problem, and they follow estrogen replacement therapy to stimulate the reproductive system. The third common type is Asperger's syndrome. This syndrome is defined as a condition that causes difficulties in communication and using imagination (4). In other words, people with Asperger's syndrome find it difficult to socially interact with others and have a normal conversation. Moreover, they may not understand a person's facial expressions and body language; therefore, they feel confused and anxious. People with Asperger's syndrome love routines. For example, a man may insist on completing a task in a specific order. Furthermore, a child may feel sad because of a change in the class schedule. Also, showing strong obsessive interest in a hobby is one of the characteristics of Asperger's syndrome. It appears that this syndrome affects males more than females. Like Down syndrome and Turner syndrome, Asperger's syndrome does not have a cure, and the role of treatment is to improve the patient's
A Comparison between Christopher Boone and Raymond Babbitt Asperger s disorder is not a disease, but a developmental brain disorder. It is four times more prevalent in boys than in girls and it shows no racial, ethnic or social boundaries. Family income, lifestyle and educational levels do not affect the chance of Asperger s disorder occurrence. According to Hans Asperger: It is important to know that the person with AS perceives the world differently. Therefore, many behaviours that seem odd are due to neurological differences and not the result of intentional rudeness or bad behaviour.
Although for some females, symptoms of Turner’s syndrome aren’t as well evident until later on in the indi...
In the 1940’s two doctors in different countries observed children displaying similar behaviors and deficits. One of the doctors was Viennese pediatrician Dr. Hans Asperger and the other was a child psychiatrist named Leo Kanner. Dr. Kanner was the first of the two doctors to report his observations. What he described were behaviors similar to those seen in children with what we call Autistic disorder. The behaviors affected the children’s communication, social interaction and interests. Dr. Asperger later published an article discussing what he dubbed “Autistische Psychpathen im Kindesalter” which translates to “Autistic Psychopathy”. Although some behaviors overlapped, there were differences leading to the belief that these doctors were documenting two different disorders. The two most prevalent were the differences in motor and language abilities (Miller, Ozonoff). Another was Asperger’s belief that his patients were of normal or above average intelligence. It was not until 1994 that Asperger Syndrome was entered into the Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV), finally becoming an official diagnosis. At the time, Asperger Syndrome (AS) was labeled as a subcategory of autism along with autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development disorder. Since then, the community of people with Asperger Syndrome has grown to love and better understand the disorder that they live with every day. Some of them have even affectionately named themselves “Aspies”.
There are many disabilities that affect the Musculoskeletal System. One disability is Spina Bifida, which is a series of spinal cord defects caused by abnormal fetal development. We don’t know all the causes of spina bifida. Genetics and the environment may play a role in causing spina bifida. Spina bifida can range from mild to extreme. Some people may have little to no disability while others people may be limited in the way they move. Some people may even be paralyzed or unable to walk or move parts of their body. Although, most people affected by spina bifida lead full and productive lives. There are three types which include myelomeningocele, occulta, and meningocele. Depending on the classification there will be different characteristics and symptoms. It may be treated in different setting, with different potential treatment ideas.
Support, love, and some minor accommodations can help girls with Turner syndrome deal with their various health issues and live their life with joy and positivity. The variety of characteristics in girls with Turner syndrome is astonishing. There are many different treatments and devices there to help all of the girls living with Turner syndrome lead an ordinary life. The families should teach their children about God and how He uses Turner syndrome to affect their life in a positive aspect, not a negative one. Love and support can help a girl to succeed in life because of the belief she finds in herself.
Jonathan Juste 4/21/14 Hum. Bio Analysis of Angelman Syndrome In 1965 , Dr. Harry Angelman, an English physician, first described three children with characteristics now known as the Angelman syndrome. Angelman syndrome is a neuro-genetic disorder that is usually diagnosed at a very young age, and it happens within 1 in every 15,000 births.
The Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the functions of the body that are not thought about to control. When this system dysfunctions, it can cause havoc on the human body. One example of this would be Dysautonomia. Dysautonomia is a rare but serious disease that affects the autonomic nervous system, has many symptoms, and offers few treatment options.
Because autism symptoms vary in degrees and severity, autism is considered a spectrum disorder; each individual falls somewhere within the spectrum depending on their specific symptoms. Though autism affects a small percentage of children, the number of those affected is on the rise. There are different types of autism including Asperger’s, a mild form of autism in which the individual affected becomes obsessive over interests, and Rett syndrome which affects mostly females and is marked by the loss of communication skills. Asperger’s is on the higher
There is no actual behavior or environmental factor that could cause Down syndrome. Down syndrome is mainly caused by three different disorders. Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, or Translocation Down Syndrome, are three different types of causes. “Trisomy 21. About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 — the child has three copies of chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.” Trisomy is the most common cause for the Down syndrome disorder. The Mosaic Down syndrome is a one of the rare causes that the disorder has. This happens when both normal and abnormal are caused by cell division after fertilization. Translocation Down Syndrome occurs when a part of the chromosome 21 attaches itself to another chromosomes and then it has two unusual copies of the chromosome. Children who have the disorder are different individuals and have different facial appearance. “Infants with Down syndrome may be average size, but typically they grow slowly and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting and crawling, occur at about twice the age of children without impairment.” Knowing about all the causes or symptoms in Down syndrome can help to try to figure out a way to help the
Asperger’s is one disorder of many in the Autism Spectrum. The Autism Spectrum includes early infantile autism, childhood autism, Kanner’s autism, high-functioning autism, atypical autism, pervasive developmental disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Asperger’s (“American Psychiatric Association,” 2013). All disorders found in the spectrum are neurodevelopmental disorders. These types of disorders deal with impairments of development and growth of the brain and nervous system (Lord & Bishop, 2010). Each disorder found in the spectrum may have similarities, but are different from one another too. Asperger’s was not a part of the Autism Spectrum until the latest update of DSM-5 in 2013. It was classified as its own category, but now is an Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD (Macintosh & Dissanayake, 2004). The moving of Asperger’s Syndrome into the Autism Spectrum took place because of the various similarities to ASDs.
This paper was reprinted with permission of Susan Moreno on the O.A.S.I.S. (Online Asperger's Syndrome Information and Support)
Autism is a disability that affects the brain to alter and impede social interactions and communications. Instead of just one precise type, there is a whole spectrum that encompasses autism. There are three primary types of autism, low functioning, functioning, and high functioning.
Asperger’s syndrome is one of the mental illnesses that manifests itself in Bateman the most. He displays a high functioning form of Asperger’s syndrome, yet there are still symptoms present in Bateman of which even the highest functioning people with Asperger’s syndrome cannot rid themselves. One of the key symptoms in Asperger’s syndrome is the need for strict routine. Routines are an essential part of an Asperger’s patient’s life. Individuals who suffer from Asperger’s follow strict routines that they cannot break. If these routines are interrupted, individuals with Asperger’s can get very upset to the point where a disruption in their daily routine can even ruin their entire day (Moreno).
OTHER NAMES Depending on the doctor, Turner's Syndrome may be diagnosed with one of the following alternative names: 45 - X Syndrome, Bonnevie-Ulrich Syndrome, Chromosome X, Monosomy X, Morgagni- Turner-Albright Syndrome, Ovarian Dwarfism, Turner Type, among others. SYNDROME CHARACTERISTICS A reduced growth in height is the commonest visible characteristic of the syndrome, (the average adult height is 4 feet 8 inches) and may be the only sign before puberty. Their body proportions are normal.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.