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Effect of a tsunami
Tsunami the killer sea wave note introduction to bibliography
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General
The word “tsunami” comes from the Japanese, in which “tsu” stands for harbor and “nami” means wave. Another name for tsunamis are seismic sea waves. A tsunami is defined as an ocean wave with long wavelengths that are produced by a landslide, volcano, or earthquake. After a tsunami is generated, the waves move very rapidly across the ocean, reaching speeds over 435 miles per hour. In open and deep waters, a tsunami may have a wavelength of 125 miles and a height around 1.5 feet making it almost impossible to recognize. However, when a tsunami hits shallower waters, the height of the wave starts to increase. Shallow waters cause the waves to slow down, which results in a shorter wavelength. Once a wave reaches the shoreline, a tsunami can amazingly reach as high as 130 feet up in the air. Often, tsunamis are mistaken as tidal waves, but they are not the same thing. Tidal waves are ocean waves like tsunamis, but tidal waves take place in shallow waters
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Since most tsunamis stem from earthquakes, scientists have discovered that we can use seismographs to detect them. Definition of a seismograph. With this technology, a warning can be issued to give people time to evacuate and go to safe grounds. However, if a tsunami is generated near a coast, coastguards (who?) may only be able to give people a few minute warning before the first wave hits.
Since the (date) Indian Ocean tsunami that devastated the blah, efforts have been made to advance tsunami warning systems in order to give people the best chance of survival. The NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, an environmental laboratory part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States Department of Commerce, stated that the East Coast of the US, Gulf of Mexico, and Puerto Rico were going to adopt the US tsunami warning
Rogue waves are very large, like mountains of water. They are often 100 feet tall. Rogue waves do not follow regular wave patterns and are unpredictable. Scientists believe that there is a pattern, but have not found it. This means that there is only one wave at a time, and do not come in a series of waves, such as wave patterns do. These waves are often found out in the ocean. Tsunamis on the other hand, are also made of waves, but are multiple waves, instead of just one. They are also very tall and devastating, but come with a much more warning. Therefore, rogue waves and tsunamis may look alike at first, but do have visible differences.
Predicting tsunamis is not a precise art; unlike some natural disasters, tsunamis are not climate based and do not happen during a particular season. In the case of the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, an ocean-based sensors and a warning system in place could have been an enormous help. At the time of the tsunami, there were no ocean-based sensors in place in the Indian Ocean—which lead to a lack of knowledge of the tsunami, resulting in a lack of a plan to move to higher ground resulting in 230,000 were killed due to the Boxing Day
Volcanoes have played a key role in forming the face of the earth as we know it today. Some of the most well known landmarks and locations in the world are volcanoes. From the Hawaiian Islands to Mount Vesuvius, the Earth is populated with hundreds of active and dormant volcanoes. Among these volcanoes there are multiple different types. Stratovolcanoes, the most dangerous type of volcanoes, are built by multiple eruptions over many years. Shield Volcanoes, the largest recognizable volcanoes, are characterized by being short but very broad with low sloping sides. Cinder cones, the most common type of volcano in the world, are composed of large amounts of tephra, or pyroclastic debris. The last type of volcano is supervolcanoes. Supervolcanoes are the largest volcanoes. They also have the highest potential for damage. This paper will discuss these these different types of volcano.
Sparks, Amelia. "Responding to the Southeast Asian Tsunami." Peace Corps. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2014.
October 29th 2012 the high wind destroyer struck the heart of New York. They called her sandy; she was a very devastating hurricane. She demolished more than 300,000 homes and left them homeless, and confirmed 285 deaths. Imagine big strong winds whistling around your home, no power, and a big river down your street with cars bobbing down it, scary, isn’t it. These are some of the tragic events that happened during hurricane sandy. What is a hurricane? The proper definition is, when a series of cold gusty winds mix with the warm humid air. It’s just like a tornado but it forms over water.
Imagine living your life, and then suddenly, life changes for the worst, the crops are destroyed, the towns are flooded, and the houses are destroyed. This is the Great Flood of 1993,
Tsunamis can go the same speed as a jetliner and that massive wave can out run the fastest runner. When there is a lot of waves at once, or the water goes back that is a sign that a tsunami is coming. If that tsunami is far then people need to get to the tallest and strongest building there is in the city that way they are safe and helicopter can pick them up. Tsunamis can wipe out an entire city or 1/4 of the country. Tsunamis can last up to an hour, or more.
Michael was born prematurely to teenage parents and by eight had three siblings, divorced parents and his mother had abandoned the family. Mary was born to an overweight mother who emotionally and physically abused her, and a father with just four years formal education. Both children described in these examples from Werner (1999), despite sub-optimal childhoods, developed into successful children and adults with high self-esteem and other positive attributes. These do not highlight ‘invulnerable’ children who possess extraordinary qualities but children with an ordinary, common process arising from normal human adaptational systems (Masten, 2001). This process is known as resilience, the ability to adapt positively in the face of adversity (Richaud, 2013), which often emerges in childhood (Masten & Tellegen, 2012). The psychological study of resilience seeks to understand how some children develop well despite exposure to risk factors such as natural disasters or poverty, which increase the likelihood of negative outcomes like psychological disorders and low self-esteem (Slater & Bremner, 2011). Panter-Brick and Leckman (2013) comment early theories focused on ‘casualties’ and implied negative outcomes are inevitable following adversity. Modern research has shifted towards enhancing capability; focusing on those who emerge from adversity positively, the ‘survivors’, has led to identification, and understanding of, numerous determinants known as protective factors, which interact to reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes (Richaud, 2013). This essay will address how and why certain children develop positively in the face of adversity, discussing numerous protective factors and how they influence child outcomes.
People did many things to prepare for Hurricane Sandy. Many people who lived on or near the coastline were given evacuation orders by government officials. These areas were likely to experience severe flooding. The people who lived in low elevations along the coast were particularly in danger. These people left their homes in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut; some were fortunate enough to find a hotel to stay in or relatives to stay with. Others who weren’t as fortunate waited in community shelters. Organizations such as the American Red Cross opened shelters specifically for people who had to leave their homes because of Hurricane Sandy.
The first advance in hurricane awareness happened in 1898, and was implemented by President McKinley. Americans were aware of these storms striking the east coast of the United States, but did not know when and where they might hit landfall. President McKinley ordered the weather bureau to establish hurricane warning networks in the West Indies in 1898 (Uccellini). This was considered the first real attempt to monitor hurricanes approaching the United States. There was one major flaw with this program. Telegraph wires did not run from the West Indies to the United States; therefore, communication of a storm had to be delivered by ship to the mainland. These weather stations located in the West Indies were considered early warning systems, and there were also weather stations located along the coast of the United States. One of these locations was off the coast of Texas on the small island of Galveston.
Hurricane Sandy, nicknamed “Superstorm Sandy,” struck the New Jersey area on October 29, 2012. Over 1,000 miles in diameter, the hurricane was the largest Atlantic tropical storm in history, and the second costliest hurricane in United States history, following Hurricane Katrina. In preparation for the hurricane, Federal, State and City authorities moved into emergency mode as the storm approached. On Sunday, October 28, 2012 President Obama declared a state of emergency in several states across the east cost, including New Jersey. This allowed federal support to become available, allowing FEMA to provide resources directly to state and local governments, as well as allowing states to request funding for actions before Sandy’s landfall. The National Guard positioned more than 61,000 personnel along the east coast, FEMA positioned more than 1,500 personnel, and the American Red Cross provided disaster response workers and shelters in communities. Amtrak canceled certain branches and services for October 29 and 30th, and more than 13,000 flights were cancelled on October 29th. To avoid casualties, Gov. Chris Christie declared a state of emergency in New Jersey, ordered evacuations of NJ barrier islands from Sandy Hook South to Cape May by Sunday, October 28th at 4pm as well as closing all state offices for that Monday. On October 28, Mayor of Hoboken Dawn Zimmer ordered residents of basement and street level residence units to evacuate due to possible flooding. On October 29 residents of Logan Township were ordered to evacuate as well.
Tsunamis are barely noticeable in deep ocean water; however when it starts approaching the land and shallow water the waves start to slow down and the height starts increase sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters).
Hurricanes are gigantic, swirling, tropical storms that are created with a wind speed over 160 miles (257 kilometers) per hour. It gives off more than 2.4 trillion gallons (9 trillion liters) of rain each day. Hurricane forms in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Golf of Mexico, and in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. According to www.weatherwizkids.com , a hurricane usually lasts for a week. Hurricane mostly occurs at mid-August to late October and occurs about five to six times a year. A hurricane begins at a tropical disturbance in warm ocean water with a temperature of at least 80 degrees Fahrenheit (26.5 degrees Celsius). The center of a hurricane is call the “Eye of the Hurricane” and is about 20-30 miles wide (32-48 kilometer wide). The eye is the calmest part of a hurricane and surrounding the eye is something call the “Eye Wall". When a hurricane makes a...
Earthquakes occur almost all over the world and often cause many casualties and injuries, but it is a common misconception to think that all earthquakes or even most of them cause destruction. In fact, most earthquakes aren’t even strong enough to be felt by humans and most animals, and can only be recorded by seismometers that are strategically placed in all corners of the world in order to get a reliable and precise reading on the earthquakes strength. Another common misconception about earthquakes is that people believe that the injuries and deaths that result from earthquakes are because of the earth’s shaking itself, whereas it is in fact usually because of heavy items falling from the incessant vibrations. Earthquakes can be defined as
There are about 70% of our earth is covered by water, and people just know a little part of it now. Underwater tourism is an excitement and adventure, and it is also a special tourism concept. The undersea world attracts people to explore the mysterious of the ocean, and the underwater tourism is growing very fast basic on the new technology. Travelers can join this tourism by many different methods, such as underwater restaurant, underwater hotel and underwater activity. There are many travelers will try to have the experience of underwater tourism and spend a lots of many for that. Travelers