6.1. Introduction:
Transformers are widely used in power systems and it is considered as the most essential component of every power system. A transformer is a static device that works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and it is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another or in other words it is a device which is used for decreasing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current. Basically there are two types of transformer i.e. step up and step down transformer but in general transformers are classified in different ways, depending upon their use, purpose, construction etc. Therefore transformer sizing helps us to select an appropriate type of transformer based on the purpose and use of transformer for a particular application.
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Why we need transformer in power system?
We need transformers in power system because of several reasons one most important reason is that electricity is generated at low voltages and in receiving end we also need low voltages but due to the high cost of transmitting low voltages and high currents we use step up transformers to step up the low voltage into high voltages and low currents which will also reduced the I2R losses during transmission of electricity and at receiving side this high voltage is step down to low voltage by using step down transformer.
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Why calculation of transformer sizing is necessary in power system?
Transformer sizing is necessary so that the selected transformer is capable of supplying the power needed by the load and also it can bear the inrush current without being damaged.
6.2. General Method Of Transformer Sizing:
The general method of transformer sizing follows five basic steps that are: Collection of data about the source and the load. Determine the KVA, Amperes or wattage required by the load Calculate the transformer size based on inrush current Characterize the impedance of
1. How was Lincoln able to grow and prosper for so long in such a difficult commodity industry that forced out other giants such as General Electric, Westinghouse and BOC? What is the source of Lincoln’s outstanding and enduring success?
The second method of measuring three phase power is the useful for both balanced and unbalanced loads. By connecting a wattmeter with its current probes in series with red phase and volt probes between red and yellow phase. The second wattmeter should be connected with its current probes in series with the blue phase and the volt probes between the blue and yellow phases. By adding these two values together there total power for the system can be
Most substation transformer failures, excluding acts of man or nature, can often be traced to poor maintenance of the transformer or its related components. Catastrophic failure of a substation transformer can be prevented by accurately testing the condition of the oil on a yearly basis and by having a monthly visual inspection program in place. Most of the checks on a substation transformer are relatively simple: checks for oil leaks, oil level, temperature, the operation of the on-load tap-changer, etc. However, if the oil paper insulating system of the transformer is breaking down, it can only be detected by oil analysis. By testing the physical and chemical properties of transformer oil, a number of problem conditions can be identified before they lead to transformer failure.
Under what conditions might the parties to the alliance discussed in this case dissolve or end the relationship?
The United States located electronic company Electrocorp faced the problem of declining profitability due to rising production costs, specifically high wages, costly worker's safety and environmental standards. In order to solve this problem Electrocorp is deciding whether to relocate some of their plants to South Africa, Mexico, or the Philippines.
Different refrigeration cycles exist including the gas cycle, the vapour-absorption cycle, and the vapour-compression cycle. The gas cycle uses a refrigerant, often air, which does not change state, but instead remains as a gas throughout the entire cycle. The vapour-absorption cycle, which preceded the vapour-compression cycle, is a heat operated cycle. It requires little electricity, but a lot of heat energy, and is usually only used where waste heat is plentiful (Ameen, 2006). The vapour-compression cycle is favoured over all others in both domestic and industrial installations as it is the most efficient system available. It works by pumping a refrigerant, which chang...
Culture is the most powerful way of controlling and managing employee behaviors than organizational rules and regulations. Lincoln Electric Company is the one of world’s largest manufacturer of welding machines and electrodes having their own strong cultures. Their people-oriented cultures influenced on their turnover rate and the performance-oriented cultures exerted a favorable influence on employee behaviors, thinking and behavioral patterns. Their rules, incentive management, the performance appraisal system, the bonus plan and management styles were sufficient with the demands of their environment and kept their employees to be contented with the systems.
The newly appointed district sales manager, Larry Barr, faces the problem of allocating sales quotas among his various sales representatives. This decision will affect everyone's earnings including his own. This problem is compounded by the fact that different territories have, for a variety of reasons, different potentials. In addition, the territory that is known to be the toughest will soon require a new sales rep.
Clamping unit is one of the three basic parts in injection molding machine. Main purpose of the hydraulically powered clamping unit is to keep the mold halves press closed during injection and cooling. Before pouring material into the machine hopper, the two mold halves (movable half and fixed half) must be firmly closed by clamping unit. According to the size of the machine, changes the required time for clamping. The time can be estimated from the dry cycle time of the
In thermodynamics Refrigeration is the major application area, in which the heat is transferred from a lower temperature region to a higher temperature region. The devices which produce refrigeration are known as Refrigerators and the cycle on which it operates are called refrigeration cycles. Vapour compression refrigeration cycle is the most regularly used refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is alternately vaporized and condensed and in the vapor phase it is compressed. Gas refrigeration cycle is the well-known refrigeration cycle in which cycle refrigerant remains in the gaseous phase throughout the cycle. Cascade refrigeration are the other refrigeration cycles discussed in this chapter; absorption refrigeration is the one more refrigeration cycle which is used where the refrigerant is dissolved in liquid before it is compressed. One more refrigeration in which refrigeration is produced by passing the electric current through two dissimilar materials is called as the thermoelectric refrigeration.
most capacity. Once the power grid exceeds that capacity, it causes a power plant to
A large industrial air compressor requires some particular replacements for separate parts. Depending on the model and brand of the units, the replacement parts for the air compressor may be very difficult to locate through searching online. A warehouse producer who stocks all of the major parts numbers for Atlas Copco, Quincy, Compair, Ingersoll Rand, and other companies are the best bet for quickly locating the exact lubricant, feed line, gasket, and filter necessary for a specific model.
In order to decide upon the voltage and lengths of wire to use in the
The inverter works more or less like a UPS, the inverters are usually bigger and capable of providing greater outputs; they often use a bigger energy storage battery compared to the UPSs. The inverter is suitable both as a backup and for renewable energy
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