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Literary criticism of ralph waldo emerson
Literary criticism of ralph waldo emerson
Nature transcendentalism
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Josh Jovevski, Tyler Sidwell
Mrs. Kelly
English 11 Honors
8 May 2014
American Renaissance Transcendentalist poet Ralph Waldo Emerson once said: “Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.” After the American Romantic Era, there was a common drive amongst the population to improve themselves as individuals. This movement towards self-improvement signaled the beginning of a new literary era in the United States: The American Renaissance. As a substitute to the traditional intellect, people in this time period chose to fall back on a religious view of the world, Transcendentalism. In this view, every physical item reflected the Divine Soul and these items served as a pathway to the spiritual world.
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Thoreau was a transcendentalist writer that believed in finding oneself through experiences in the nature and beyond the physical realm. According to the poetry foundation, Thoreau's writing utilized description of the physical realm in addition to Transcendentalist interpretations of nature. Also, Thoreau tended to suggest how people should live their lives through his writings (Thoreau). Like many other writer during this time period, Thoreau influenced society through his writings about nature and self-realization. His writing about nature usually consisted of finding oneself and using nature to influence how one should live. Thoreau's ability to connect self-destiny into his writing influenced the people in society to find themselves, to be able to pursue in their dreams as individuals. "(As Emerson’s protégé Henry David Thoreau once observed, “Every man looks on his woodpile with a kind of affection.”)” (Cullen 71). Thoreau was a Transcendentalist writer that looked for the deeper meaning in the simplest of things. His open-mindedness and creativity in his writing influenced the American Population to use transcendentalism in their lives to find the true meaning. As people began to find the meaning in their life, individuals began to strive for the American Dream of upward mobility through individualism and self-determination, instead of as a whole society. The use of nature references to discover how to live is seen in many of Henry David Thoreau's literary
Thoreau wrote, “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” The words transformed people’s lives to think more of the why in life and live with a purpose not just do what they are told, which was a driving idea within the Transcendentalist movements. Transcendentalist were hard to define, but perhaps one of the fathers of transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson defines it most gracefully in a speech he gave, “The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine, He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power: he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy”. As Emerson’s key student and self-proclaimed Transcendentalist Thoreau fulfilled these requirements to help further this movement of higher
...understanding of freedom. By exposing the wrongs done to slaves, Douglass greatly contributed to the abolitionist movement. He also took back some of the power and control from the slaveholders, putting it in the hands of the enslaved.
Transcendentalists Thoreau and Emerson conveyed strong, specific viewpoints on the world through their writing. The transcendentalist ideals differ vastly with the lives lived by most of the modern world today. Firstly, the two differ on views of self-reliance. Secondly, they have different outlooks on the government and organized groups. Lastly, transcendentalist and modern American views vary by the way they view nature. These differences between transcendentalism and life today are essential in understanding life then, as well as life now.
In this essay, I will compare the philosophies of transcendentalism and anti-transcendentalism through the writings of Thoreau and Emerson vs. Melville. In Thoreau’s excerpt of “Walden”, he tested the transcendentalist philosophy through experience. Emerson’s transcendental writing style is displayed in “Nature”. In Melville’s excerpt of Moby Dick, he exhibits anti-transcendentalism in his work.
The American Dream of the Transcendentalists centers on being all that one is meant to be. First of all, the ideas of the Transcendentalists did not revolve around society and materialistic possessions. Transcendentalists felt that “society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of everyone of its members”(from Self-Reliance 194). Also, Transcendentalists believed that “The nation itself, with all its so-called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expense” (from Where I Lived and What I Lived For 212) and for which the only cure is simplicity. In addition, Transcendentalists believed that man should live life to the fullest by seeking to reach their potential. Thoreau “did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast and on the deck of the world, for there I [Thoreau] could best see the moonlight amid the mountains” (from Conclusion 217). Seeking to reach one’s potential means that one must “Absolve you to yourself, and you should have the suffrage of the world” (from Self-Reliance 194). Furthermore, the Transcendentalists sought self-knowledge through the study of nature. “Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood” (from Nature 191). “The life in us is like the water in the river” (from Conclusion 217) because some days one rises like the river and drowns out all of ones problems. Most importantly, the ideas of nonconformity and individualism illustrate the Transcendentalist beliefs. “Whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist” (from Self-Reliance 194) shows that every man should have a unique quality that separates him from other men.
Transcendentalism is based on the belief that institutions in the society corrupt an individual’s purity. Transcendentalists believe that people are at their best when they are truly independent and self-reliant. They also believe that from independence and self-reliance, a true community is formed. Even though Transcendentalism is not recognized, it still exists in the modern society. Though not clearly outspoken as in Emerson and Thoreau’s times, many people in today’s society still have transcendental beliefs. Transcendental ideals are found in songs, films, books and other works such as media and advertisements. One example is the song “Get up, Stand up,” by Bob Marley, it is found to be influenced and has inspiration of transcendental elements such as Solitude (individuality), self-reliance, non-conformism (anti-institution), anti-materialism, nature and spirituality.
“Do not go where the path may lead you; go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, the father of Transcendentalism, emphasized the importance of nonconformity in a world filled with followers. Instead of molding into society’s creation, or following “the path,” Emerson promoted abstaining from losing one’s individuality and creating a new “trail.” Emerson’s belief in refusing to conform and protecting one’s differences remains an integral part in living a transcendental life. As one of the fundamental rights of the movement, maintaining a distinct identity was an elusive but interesting concept, especially in the nineteenth century. Moreover, the act of finding one’s self in nature exists prominently
Modern day transcendentalists are not easily found anymore in society. It is hard to pinpoint exactly what a transcendentalist is. By being your own self, following your own standards and being yourself, you become transcendental. By looking at the Robertsons’ way of life, they would make a tremendous example of modern day transcendentalists. Their religion, love of nature, and individualism create a transcendental lifestyle.
An influential literary movement in the nineteenth century, transcendentalism placed an emphasis on the wonder of nature and its deep connection to the divine. As the two most prominent figures in the transcendentalist movement, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau whole-heartedly embraced these principles. In their essays “Self-Reliance” and “Civil Disobedience”, Emerson and Thoreau, respectively, argue for individuality and personal expression in different manners. In “Self-Reliance”, Emerson calls for individuals to speak their minds and resist societal conformity, while in “Civil Disobedience” Thoreau urged Americans to publicly state their opinions in order to improve their own government.
Transcendentalism is the American literary, philosophical, and political movement of the early nineteenth century. This movement had a large focus on the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson was considered
...ed to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of traditional authority” (American 1). The major players in the transcendentalist movement are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. They shared ideas such as self-reliance, and ideas about how there is a divine being that controls every person. They influenced many other writers and they even had an effect on the American society, then and now. Transcendentalism was a philosophy and a way of life. It will continue to be this as long as we have access to the great minds of the transcendental movement.
...ing Henry David Thoreau into a prominent American Romantic writer. Such elements include his writings about life in Nature having great solitude; he became friends with the surrounding plants and animals. Secondly, he wrote about what was occurring day to day at Walden’s Pond which showed him as being individualistic. Moreover, there was the idea that God can only be found in nature, and pantheism was constant idea in his book. Finally, Thoreau wrote about intuition as a means of obtaining knowledge, and his use of senses as a tool for building intuition. These ideas time and time again show the various aspects of Thoreau being portrayed as an American Romantic which has lead to a great historical achievement as a writer that he well deserves.
Douglass an individual who was born into slavery was separated from his mother at an early age, from my point of view without my parents specially my mother I would not be where I am today. Even though Douglass was separated from his family and in a way, did not have sense of family he did not let himself to be broken by this. He was a smart child who was determined to enjoy life to be best he could, even though at an early age all he understood about a slave life was misery. As he matured and grew, he started to noticed that there was more than just slavery but he was eventually broken by the harsh treatment of slavery. As Douglass
...ue to his talents as an orator and a writer. All this overwhelming attention put him at high risk. Douglass went to England where he continued to fight for the cause; because he was afraid his old master would reclaim him and return him to enslavement. He was eventually allowed to return to the United States because some fellow abolitionist bought his freedom. He started writing an anti-slavery newspaper known as the North Star. It got this name because whenever slaves would escape they would follow the North Star, which they knew if they followed it would lead them to freedom. Douglass served as an example to all who doubted the ability of African Americans to function as free citizens.
Transcendentalist were part of a movement called Transcendentalism which was created with ideas from philosophy, literature, and religion. This movement emerged and became favored in the nineteenth century in New England. Transcendentalism was a way to reformulate the idea of man and his position in the world in response to a new and changing society. The new movements the emerged during this time like the industrial revolution, the westward expansion, the starts of universities, immigration and urbanization made Boston seem unusual and full of chaos. Transcendentalism descended from reactions of the hardships of worships and the satisfying growth of mechanization in eighteenth century. With the success of both the American Revolution and the